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Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable potential in various domains, but they often lack the ability to access and reason over domain-specific knowledge and tools. In this paper, we introduced CACTUS (Chemistry Agent Connecting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Andrew D. McNaughton , Gautham Ramalaxmi , Agustin Kruel , Carter R. Knutson , Rohith A. Varikoti , Neeraj Kumar

Chemical reasoning usually involves complex, multi-step processes that demand precise calculations, where even minor errors can lead to cascading failures. Furthermore, large language models (LLMs) encounter difficulties handling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Xiangru Tang , Tianyu Hu , Muyang Ye , Yanjun Shao , Xunjian Yin , Siru Ouyang , Wangchunshu Zhou , Pan Lu , Zhuosheng Zhang , Yilun Zhao , Arman Cohan , Mark Gerstein

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success and have been applied across various scientific fields, including chemistry. However, many chemical tasks require the processing of visual information, which cannot be…

Despite their ability to understand chemical knowledge, large language models (LLMs) remain limited in their capacity to propose novel molecules with desired functions (e.g., drug-like properties). In addition, the molecules that LLMs…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly transformed our daily life and established a new paradigm in natural language processing (NLP). However, the predominant pretraining of LLMs on extensive web-based texts remains insufficient…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2024-12-31 Yang Han , Ziping Wan , Lu Chen , Kai Yu , Xin Chen

Although large language models (LLMs) have significant potential to advance chemical discovery, current LLMs lack core chemical knowledge, produce unreliable reasoning trajectories, and exhibit suboptimal performance across diverse chemical…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Weida Wang , Benteng Chen , Di Zhang , Wanhao Liu , Shuchen Pu , Ben Gao , Jin Zeng , Xiaoyong Wei , Tianshu Yu , Shuzhou Sun , Tianfan Fu , Wanli Ouyang , Lei Bai , Jiatong Li , Zifu Wang , Yuqiang Li , Shufei Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used across various scenarios due to their exceptional reasoning capabilities and natural language understanding. While LLMs demonstrate strong performance in tasks involving mathematics and coding,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Xinyi Liu , Lipeng Ma , Yixuan Li , Weidong Yang , Qingyuan Zhou , Jiayi Song , Shuhao Li , Ben Fei

Scientific research increasingly relies on specialized computational tools, yet effectively utilizing these tools demands substantial domain expertise. While Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise in tool automation, they struggle to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Keyan Ding , Jing Yu , Junjie Huang , Yuchen Yang , Qiang Zhang , Huajun Chen

Chromatographic separation technology has been widely applied in pharmaceutical, chemical, and food industries due to its high efficiency. However, traditional human-dependent chromatographic process development faces challenges such as…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Zhilong Tang , Shaohua Wu , Xinyan Zhao , Yu Wang , Xingchu Gong

The control of complex laboratory instrumentation often requires significant programming expertise, creating a barrier for researchers lacking computational skills. This work explores the potential of large language models (LLMs), such as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Yong Xie , Kexin He , Andres Castellanos-Gomez

Atomized chemical knowledge, such as functional group information of molecules and reactions, plays a pivotal intermediate role in the reasoning process that connects molecular structures with their properties and reactivities. While large…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Zihan Zhao , Ziping Wan , Lu Chen , Xuanze Lin , Shiyang Yu , Situo Zhang , Da Ma , Zichen Zhu , Danyang Zhang , Huayang Wang , Zhongyang Dai , Liyang Wen , Bo Chen , Xin Chen , Kai Yu

Large language models (LLMs) are beginning to reshape how chemists plan and run reactions in organic synthesis. Trained on millions of reported transformations, these text-based models can propose synthetic routes, forecast reaction…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Kartar Kumar Lohana Tharwani , Rajesh Kumar , Sumita , Numan Ahmed , Yong Tang

The development of AI-assisted chemical synthesis tools requires comprehensive datasets covering diverse reaction types, yet current high-throughput experimental (HTE) approaches are expensive and limited in scope. Chemical literature…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Kexin Chen , Yuyang Du , Junyou Li , Hanqun Cao , Menghao Guo , Xilin Dang , Lanqing Li , Jiezhong Qiu , Pheng Ann Heng , Guangyong Chen

Large language models (LLMs) have large potential for molecular optimization, as they can gather external chemistry tools and enable collaborative interactions to iteratively refine molecular candidates. However, this potential remains…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Hyomin Kim , Yunhui Jang , Sungsoo Ahn

The vast and complex materials design space demands innovative strategies to integrate multidisciplinary scientific knowledge and optimize materials discovery. While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated promising reasoning and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Tiffany J. Callahan , Nathaniel H. Park , Sara Capponi

Artificial intelligence (AI) has played an increasingly important role in chemical research. However, most models currently used in chemistry are specialist models that require training and tuning for specific tasks. A more generic and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Zihan Zhao , Da Ma , Lu Chen , Liangtai Sun , Zihao Li , Yi Xia , Bo Chen , Hongshen Xu , Zichen Zhu , Su Zhu , Shuai Fan , Guodong Shen , Kai Yu , Xin Chen

Tool use has turned large language models (LLMs) into powerful agents that can perform complex multi-step tasks by dynamically utilising external software components. However, these tools must be implemented in advance by human developers,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Georg Wölflein , Dyke Ferber , Daniel Truhn , Ognjen Arandjelović , Jakob Nikolas Kather

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated transformative potential across diverse fields. While LLMs have been applied to molecular simplified molecular input line entry system (SMILES) in computer-aided synthesis…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Kenan Li , Yijian Zhang , Jin Wang , Haipeng Gan , Zeying Sun , Xiaoguang Lei , Hao Dong

This paper deals with improving querying large language models (LLMs). It is well-known that without relevant contextual information, LLMs can provide poor quality responses or tend to hallucinate. Several initiatives have proposed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Nripesh Niketan , Hadj Batatia