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One of the fundamental and most-studied algorithmic problems in distributed computing on networks is graph coloring, both in bounded-degree and in general graphs. Recently, the study of this problem has been extended in two directions.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Nicolas Bousquet , Laurent Feuilloley , Marc Heinrich , Mikaël Rabie

A simple but empirically efficient heuristic algorithm for the edge-coloring of graphs is presented. Its basic idea is the displacement of "conflicts" (repeated colors in the edges incident to a vertex) along paths of adjacent vertices…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-10-19 M. A. Fiol , J. Vilaltella

Large scale graph optimization problems arise in many fields. This paper presents an extensible, high performance framework (named OpenGraphGym-MG) that uses deep reinforcement learning and graph embedding to solve large graph optimization…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Weijian Zheng , Dali Wang , Fengguang Song

We present a novel neural architecture to solve graph optimization problems where the solution consists of arbitrary node labels, allowing us to solve hard problems like graph coloring. We train our model using reinforcement learning,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-11 Lukas Gianinazzi , Maximilian Fries , Nikoli Dryden , Tal Ben-Nun , Maciej Besta , Torsten Hoefler

We develop the first parallel graph coloring heuristics with strong theoretical guarantees on work and depth and coloring quality. The key idea is to design a relaxation of the vertex degeneracy order, a well-known graph theory concept, and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-11-12 Maciej Besta , Armon Carigiet , Zur Vonarburg-Shmaria , Kacper Janda , Lukas Gianinazzi , Torsten Hoefler

We study the behavior of the Douglas-Rachford algorithm on the graph vertex-coloring problem. Given a graph and a number of colors, the goal is to find a coloring of the vertices so that all adjacent vertex pairs have different colors. In…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-08-06 F. J. Aragón Artacho , R. Campoy , V. Elser

We develop a heuristic graph coloring approximation algorithm that uses the D-Wave 2X as an independent set sampler and evaluate its performance against a fully classical implementation. A randomly generated set of small but hard graph…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-09 Julia Kwok , Kristen Pudenz

We contribute to the theoretical understanding of randomized search heuristics for dynamic problems. We consider the classical vertex coloring problem on graphs and investigate the dynamic setting where edges are added to the current graph.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-05-27 Jakob Bossek , Frank Neumann , Pan Peng , Dirk Sudholt

Graph path search is a classic computer science problem that has been recently approached with Reinforcement Learning (RL) due to its potential to outperform prior methods. Existing RL techniques typically assume a global view of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Alexei Pisacane , Victor-Alexandru Darvariu , Mirco Musolesi

The widespread use of knowledge graphs in various fields has brought about a challenge in effectively integrating and updating information within them. When it comes to incorporating contexts, conventional methods often rely on rules or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Ngoc Quach , Qi Wang , Zijun Gao , Qifeng Sun , Bo Guan , Lillian Floyd

Applying machine learning techniques to graph drawing has become an emergent area of research in visualization. In this paper, we interpret graph drawing as a multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) problem. We first demonstrate that a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Ilkin Safarli , Youjia Zhou , Bei Wang

Graph problems such as traveling salesman problem, or finding minimal Steiner trees are widely studied and used in data engineering and computer science. Typically, in real-world applications, the features of the graph tend to change over…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-14 Udesh Gunarathna , Renata Borovica-Gajic , Shanika Karunasekara , Egemen Tanin

Recent studies in using deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to solve Job-shop scheduling problems (JSSP) focus on construction heuristics. However, their performance is still far from optimality, mainly because the underlying graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Cong Zhang , Zhiguang Cao , Wen Song , Yaoxin Wu , Jie Zhang

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a subfield of machine learning that focuses on developing models that can autonomously learn optimal decision-making strategies over time. In a recent pioneering paper, Wagner demonstrated how the Deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Ivan Damnjanović , Uroš Milivojević , Irena Đorđević , Dragan Stevanović

Graph learning (GL) can dynamically capture the distribution structure (graph structure) of data based on graph convolutional networks (GCN), and the learning quality of the graph structure directly influences GCN for semi-supervised…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-01 Guangfeng Lin , Xiaobing Kang , Kaiyang Liao , Fan Zhao , Yajun Chen

Combinatorial optimization problems near algorithmic phase transitions represent a fundamental challenge for both classical algorithms and machine learning approaches. Among them, graph coloring stands as a prototypical constraint…

Colour refinement is a basic algorithmic routine for graph isomorphism testing, appearing as a subroutine in almost all practical isomorphism solvers. It partitions the vertices of a graph into "colour classes" in such a way that all…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-05-01 Martin Grohe , Kristian Kersting , Martin Mladenov , Erkal Selman

We analyse the performance of simple distributed colouring algorithms under the assumption that the input graph is a hyperbolic random graph (HRG), a generative model capturing key properties of real-world networks such as power-law degree…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Yannic Maus , Janosch Ruff

Higher dimensional graphs can be used to colour two-dimensional geometric graphs. If G the boundary of a three dimensional graph H for example, we can refine the interior until it is colourable with 4 colours. The later goal is achieved if…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-12-23 Oliver Knill

The \emph{Square Colouring} of a graph $G$ refers to colouring of vertices of a graph such that any two distinct vertices which are at distance at most two receive different colours. In this paper, we initiate the study of a related…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-03-14 V P Abidha , Pradeesha Ashok , Avi Tomar , Dolly Yadav