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The secure transfer of information is an important problem in modern telecommunications. Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides a solution to this problem by using individual quantum systems to generate correlated bits between remote…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-08-02 S. Etcheverry , G. Cañas , E. S. Gómez , W. A. T. Nogueira , C. Saavedra , G. B. Xavier , G. Lima

The photon statistics of a quantum key distribution (QKD) source is crucial for security analysis. In this paper, we propose a practical method, with only a beam splitter and photodetector involved, to monitor the photon statistics of a QKD…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Xiang Peng , Hao Jiang , Bingjie Xu , Xiongfeng Ma , Hong Guo

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) enables two remote parties to establish information-theoretically secure keys and offers high practical feasibility due to its compatibility with mature coherent optical communication…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-18 Yanhao Sun , Jiayu Ma , Xiangyu Wang , Song Yu , Ziyang Chen , Hong Guo

In this Letter, we prove the unconditional security of single-photon differential phase shift quantum key distribution (DPS-QKD) protocol, based on the conversion to an equivalent entanglement-based protocol. We estimate the upper bound of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-23 Kai Wen , Kiyoshi Tamaki , Yoshihisa Yamamoto

Many quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols require random choice of measurement basis for each pulse or each train of pulses. In some QKD protocols, such as the Round-Robin Differential Phase Shift (RRDPS) QKD protocol, this requirement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-04-18 Toshihiko Sasaki , Kiyoshi Tamaki , Masato Koashi

To beat PNS attack, decoy state quantum key distribution (QKD) based on coherent state has been studied widely. We present a decoy state QKD protocol with modified coherent state (MCS). By destruction quantum interference, MCS with fewer…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Zhen-Qiang Yin , Zheng-Fu Han , Fang-Wen Sun , Guang-Can Guo

We study the possible application of the decoy state method on a basic two way quantum key distribution (QKD) scheme to extend its distance. Noting the obvious advantage of such a QKD scheme in allowing for single as well as double photon…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-19 J. S. Shaari , Iskandar Bahari , Sellami Ali

Device-independent quantum key distribution (DIQKD) exploits the violation of a Bell inequality to extract secure key even if the users' devices are untrusted. Currently, all DIQKD protocols suffer from the secret key capacity bound, i.e.,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-05 Yuan-Mei Xie , Bing-Hong Li , Yu-Shuo Lu , Xiao-Yu Cao , Wen-Bo Liu , Hua-Lei Yin , Zeng-Bing Chen

We show how to calculate the secure final key rate in the four-intensity decoy-state MDI-QKD protocol with both source errors and statistical fluctuations with a certain failure probability. Our results rely only on the range of only a few…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-01 Cong Jiang , Zong-Wen Yu , Xiang-Bin Wang

Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides ultimate cryptographic security based on the laws of quantum mechanics. For point-to-point QKD protocols, the security of the generated key is compromised by detector side channel attacks. This…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-12 Luca Dellantonio , Anders S. Sørensen , Davide Bacco

The relatively low key rate seems to be the major barrier to its practical use for the decoy state measurement device independent quantum key distribution (MDIQKD). We present a 4-intensity protocol for the decoy-state MDIQKD that hugely…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-04-27 Y-H Zhou , Z. -W. Yu , X. -B. Wang

Quantum key distribution (QKD) has the potential to improve communications security by offering cryptographic keys whose security relies on the fundamental properties of quantum physics. The use of a trusted quantum receiver on an orbiting…

We investigate entanglement-based quantum key distribution protocols, with particular emphasis on their efficiency under realistic conditions of satellite quantum communications, where performance is limited by the low power of a received…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-21 Vera Uzunova , Marcin Jarzyna

A Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocol describes how two remote parties can establish a secret key by communicating over a quantum and a public classical channel that both can be accessed by an eavesdropper. QKD protocols using…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-01-27 Esmaeil Karimi , Emina Soljanin , Philip Whiting

Quantum key distribution (QKD) offers a reliable solution to communication problems that require long-term data security. For its widespread use, however, the rate and reach of QKD systems must be improved. Twin-field (TF) QKD is a step…

The measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) possesses the highest security among all practical quantum key distribution protocols. However, existing multi-intensity decoy-state methods may cause loopholes when…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-22 Chun-Hui Zhang , Chun-Mei Zhang , Qin Wang

Quantum key distribution is a cornerstone of quantum cryptography, enabling secure communication through the principles of quantum mechanics. In reality, most practical implementations rely on the decoy-state method to ensure security…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-04 Zitai Xu , Yizhi Huang , Xiongfeng Ma

Quantum key distribution (QKD) enables unconditionally secure communication ensured by the laws of physics, opening a promising route to security infrastructure for the coming age of quantum computers. QKD's demonstrated secret-key rates…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-12-15 Zheshen Zhang , Changchen Chen , Quntao Zhuang , Franco N. C. Wong , Jeffrey H. Shapiro

Compared with two-level quantum key distribution (QKD), highdimensional QKD enable two distant parties to share a secret key at a higher rate. We provide a finite-key security analysis for the recently proposed practical highdimensional…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-06-08 Haize Bao , Wansu Bao , Yang Wang , Chun Zhou , Ruike Chen

Semi-quantum key distribution (SQKD) allows sharing random keys between a quantum user and a classical user, which significantly saves user resources, especially when using the Single-state protocol. However, the operation of the classical…