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Map environments provide a fundamental medium for representing spatial structure. Understanding how foundation model (FM) agents understand and act in such environments is therefore critical for enabling reliable map-based reasoning and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Zhiwei Wei , Yuxing Liu , Hua Liao , Wenjia Xu

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at generating natural language answers, yet their outputs often remain unverifiable and difficult to trace. Knowledge Graphs (KGs) offer a complementary strength by representing entities and their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Alfonso Amayuelas , Joy Sain , Simerjot Kaur , Charese Smiley

BGG-operators form sequences of invariant differential operators and the first of these is overdetermined. Interesting equations in conformal geometry described by these operators are those for Einstein scales, conformal Killing forms and…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2008-11-26 Matthias Hammerl

We study the standard tractor bundle and the standard cotractor bundle of an almost Grassmann structure: We provide explicit formulae for their splitting operators, first BGG operators as well as prolongation connections. We characterize…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2026-05-06 Zhangwen Guo

Neural operators are increasingly used as drop-in accelerators inside classical numerical methods, but it is rarely clear which architectural ingredients matter for which role. We answer this question for one important role: the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-05-20 Hugo Melchers , Michael Abdelmalik , Victorita Dolean

A recent work has shown that transformers are able to "reason" with facts and rules in a limited setting where the rules are natural language expressions of conjunctions of conditions implying a conclusion. Since this suggests that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-21 Pratyay Banerjee , Chitta Baral , Man Luo , Arindam Mitra , Kuntal Pal , Tran C. Son , Neeraj Varshney

Transformers architecture apply self-attention to tokens represented as vectors, before a fully connected (neuronal network) layer. These two parts can be layered many times. Traditionally, self-attention is seen as a mechanism for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Evgeniy Shin , Heinrich Matzinger

How can the semantic interpretation of a formal symbol system be made intrinsic to the system, rather than just parasitic on the meanings in our heads? How can the meanings of the meaningless symbol tokens, manipulated solely on the basis…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-06-25 Stevan Harnad

We consider algorithms for the factorization of linear partial differential operators. We introduce several new theoretical notions in order to simplify such considerations. We define an obstacle and a ring of obstacles to factorizations.…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2010-10-14 Ekaterina Shemyakova , Franz Winkler

Dormant pruning, or the removal of unproductive portions of a tree while a tree is not actively growing, is an important orchard task to help maintain yield, requiring years to build expertise. Because of long training periods and an…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Deanna Flynn , Abhinav Jain , Heather Knight , Cristina G. Wilson , Cindy Grimm

Key to tasks that require reasoning about natural language in visual contexts is grounding words and phrases to image regions. However, observing this grounding in contemporary models is complex, even if it is generally expected to take…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Noriyuki Kojima , Hadar Averbuch-Elor , Yoav Artzi

In this preliminary note, we will illustrate our ideas on automated mechanisms for termination and non-termination reasoning.

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2013-09-13 Ton Chanh Le

In order to interpret the communicative intents of an utterance, it needs to be grounded in something that is outside of language; that is, grounded in world modalities. In this paper, we argue that dialogue clarification mechanisms make…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-15 Luciana Benotti , Patrick Blackburn

In this note we consider weighted conditional type operators between different Orlicz spaces and generalized conditional type Holder inequality that we defined in [2]. Then we give some necessary and sufficient conditions for boundedness of…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2015-02-12 Yousef Estaremi

We consider generalized gradients in the general context of $G$-structures. They are natural first order differential operators acting on sections of vector bundles associated to irreducible $G$-representations. We study their geometric…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2009-08-18 Mihaela Pilca

Intelligent physical systems as embodied cognitive systems must perform high-level reasoning while concurrently managing an underlying control architecture. The link between cognition and control must manage the problem of converting…

Circuit representations are becoming the lingua franca to express and reason about tractable generative and discriminative models. In this paper, we show how complex inference scenarios for these models that commonly arise in machine…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-02-12 Antonio Vergari , YooJung Choi , Anji Liu , Stefano Teso , Guy Van den Broeck

Explaining neural network computation in terms of probabilistic/fuzzy logical operations has attracted much attention due to its simplicity and high interpretability. Different choices of logical operators such as AND, OR and XOR give rise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-25 KamWoh Ng , Lixin Fan , Chee Seng Chan

Without the assumption of complete, shared awareness, it is necessary to consider communication between agents who may entertain different representations of the world. A syntactic (language-based) approach provides powerful tools to…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-04-29 Ani Guerdjikova , Evan Piermont , John Quiggin

The fundamental assumption of the Event Calculus is overly simplistic when it comes to organizations in which time-varying properties have to be actively maintained and managed in order to continue to hold and termination by another action…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2010-11-09 Carl Hewitt