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Dataset bias often leads deep learning models to exploit spurious correlations instead of task-relevant signals. We introduce the Standard Anti-Causal Model (SAM), a unifying causal framework that characterizes bias mechanisms and yields a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Emre Kavak , Tom Nuno Wolf , Christian Wachinger

Reinforcement learning has been proven to be highly effective in handling complex control tasks. Traditional methods typically use unimodal distributions, such as Gaussian distributions, to model the output of value distributions. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Tong Liu , Yinuo Wang , Xujie Song , Wenjun Zou , Liangfa Chen , Likun Wang , Bin Shuai , Jingliang Duan , Shengbo Eben Li

Reinforcement learning agents often exhibit unintended goal-directed behaviour outside their training distribution, but we currently lack a principled understanding of how such agents will generalise to novel environments based on their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Jason Ross Brown , Edward James Young

The Soft Actor-Critic (SAC) algorithm with a Gaussian policy has become a mainstream implementation for realizing the Maximum Entropy Reinforcement Learning (MaxEnt RL) objective, which incorporates entropy maximization to encourage…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Xiaoyi Dong , Jian Cheng , Xi Sheryl Zhang

Diffusion models are powerful generative models that map noise to data using stochastic processes. However, for many applications such as image editing, the model input comes from a distribution that is not random noise. As such, diffusion…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Linqi Zhou , Aaron Lou , Samar Khanna , Stefano Ermon

The success of denoising diffusion models raises important questions regarding their generalisation behaviour, particularly in high-dimensional settings. Notably, it has been shown that when training and sampling are performed perfectly,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-08 Tyler Farghly , Patrick Rebeschini , George Deligiannidis , Arnaud Doucet

While score based generative models, or diffusion models, have found success in image synthesis, they are often coupled with text data or image label to be able to manipulate and conditionally generate images. Even though manipulation of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Sandesh Ghimire , Armand Comas , Davin Hill , Aria Masoomi , Octavia Camps , Jennifer Dy

Diffusion policies generate robot motions by learning to denoise action-space trajectories conditioned on observations. These observations are commonly streams of RGB images, whose high dimensionality includes substantial task-irrelevant…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Xiatao Sun , Yinxing Chen , Daniel Rakita

Distribution matching (DM) is a versatile domain-invariant representation learning technique that has been applied to tasks such as fair classification, domain adaptation, and domain translation. Non-parametric DM methods struggle with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Ziyu Gong , Jim Lim , David I. Inouye

Score-based diffusion models are a class of generative models whose dynamics is described by stochastic differential equations that map noise into data. While recent works have started to lay down a theoretical foundation for these models,…

Reversing a diffusion process by learning its score forms the heart of diffusion-based generative modeling and for estimating properties of scientific systems. The diffusion processes that are tractable center on linear processes with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Raghav Singhal , Mark Goldstein , Rajesh Ranganath

Recent research has highlighted the powerful capabilities of imitation learning in robotics. Leveraging generative models, particularly diffusion models, these approaches offer notable advantages such as strong multi-task generalization,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Xinyao Qin , Xiaoteng Ma , Yang Qi , Qihan Liu , Chuanyi Xue , Ning Gui , Qinyu Dong , Jun Yang , Bin Liang

Score-based generative models (SGMs) have emerged as one of the most popular classes of generative models. A substantial body of work now exists on the analysis of SGMs, focusing either on discretization aspects or on their statistical…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-10 Benjamin Dupuis , Dario Shariatian , Maxime Haddouche , Alain Durmus , Umut Simsekli

Tabular data is hard to acquire and is subject to missing values. This paper introduces a novel approach for generating and imputing mixed-type (continuous and categorical) tabular data utilizing score-based diffusion and conditional flow…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Alexia Jolicoeur-Martineau , Kilian Fatras , Tal Kachman

A commonly used family of RL algorithms for diffusion policies conducts softmax reweighting over samples from the behavior policy, which often induces an overgreedy policy and fails to utilize feedback from negative samples. In this work,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Haitong Ma , Chenxiao Gao , Tianyi Chen , Na Li , Bo Dai

Score-based generative models (SGMs) sample from a target distribution by iteratively transforming noise using the score function of the perturbed target. For any finite training set, this score function can be evaluated in closed form, but…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Christopher Scarvelis , Haitz Sáez de Ocáriz Borde , Justin Solomon

This work introduces Variational Diffusion Distillation (VDD), a novel method that distills denoising diffusion policies into Mixtures of Experts (MoE) through variational inference. Diffusion Models are the current state-of-the-art in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Hongyi Zhou , Denis Blessing , Ge Li , Onur Celik , Xiaogang Jia , Gerhard Neumann , Rudolf Lioutikov

In social dilemma situations, individual rationality leads to sub-optimal group outcomes. Several human engagements can be modeled as a sequential (multi-step) social dilemmas. However, in contrast to humans, Deep Reinforcement Learning…

The imputation of missing values in time series has many applications in healthcare and finance. While autoregressive models are natural candidates for time series imputation, score-based diffusion models have recently outperformed existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Yusuke Tashiro , Jiaming Song , Yang Song , Stefano Ermon

The rapid expansion of edge devices and Internet-of-Things (IoT) continues to heighten the demand for data transport under limited spectrum resources. The goal-oriented communications (GO-COM), unlike traditional communication systems…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-07 Suchinthaka Wanninayaka , Achintha Wijesinghe , Weiwei Wang , Yu-Chieh Chao , Songyang Zhang , Zhi Ding
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