Related papers: Checking the reliability of opacity databases
Scientific fraud is an increasingly vexing problem. Many current programs for fraud detection focus on image manipulation, while techniques for detection based on anomalous patterns that may be discoverable in the underlying numerical data…
Benford's law is an empirical law predicting the distribution of the first significant digits of numbers obtained from natural phenomena and mathematical tables. It has been found to be applicable for numbers coming from a plethora of…
In this paper, building on work done on measuring inconsistency in knowledge bases, we introduce inconsistency measures for databases. In particular, focusing on databases with denial constraints, we first consider the natural approach of…
Real data often contain anomalous cases, also known as outliers. These may spoil the resulting analysis but they may also contain valuable information. In either case, the ability to detect such anomalies is essential. A useful tool for…
Undetected anomalies in time series can trigger catastrophic failures in safety-critical systems, such as chemical plant explosions or power grid outages. Although many detection methods have been proposed, their performance remains unclear…
Anomaly detection is a branch of data analysis and machine learning which aims at identifying observations that exhibit abnormal behaviour. Be it measurement errors, disease development, severe weather, production quality default(s) (items)…
The interpretation of future precise experiments on atomic parity violation in terms of parameters of the Standard Model could be hampered by uncertainties in the atomic and nuclear structure. While the former can be overcome by measurement…
Statistical laws describe regular patterns observed in diverse scientific domains, ranging from the magnitude of earthquakes (Gutenberg-Richter law) and metabolic rates in organisms (Kleiber's law), to the frequency distribution of words in…
Previous work on Bell's inequality realised in the laboratory has used entangled photons. Here we describe how entangled atoms can violate Bell's inequality, and how these violations can be measured with a very high detection efficiency. We…
Power law or generalized polynomial regressions with unknown real-valued exponents and coefficients, and weakly dependent errors, are considered for observations over time, space or space--time. Consistency and asymptotic normality of…
Symmetries as well as other special conditions can cause anomalous slowing down of fidelity decay. These situations will be characterized, and a family of random matrix models to emulate them generically presented. An analytic solution…
Spectra in astroparticle physics are commonly approximated by simple power laws. The steeply falling nature of these power laws, however, makes the detection of additional components rather challenging. This holds true especially, if the…
In this paper, matching of correlated high-dimensional databases is investigated. A stochastic database model is considered where the correlation among the database entries is governed by an arbitrary joint distribution. Concentration of…
We report an inconsistency found in probability theory (also referred to as measure-theoretic probability). For probability measures induced by real-valued random variables, we deduce an "equality" such that one side of the "equality" is a…
Tables are an abundant form of data with use cases across all scientific fields. Real-world datasets often contain anomalous samples that can negatively affect downstream analysis. In this work, we only assume access to contaminated data…
Various Bell inequalities are trivial algebraic properties satisfied by each line of particular data spreadsheets.It is surprising that their violation in some experiments, allows to speculate about the existence of nonlocal influences in…
This study seeks a better comprehension of anomalies by exploring (n+1)-point perturbative amplitudes in a 2n-dimensional framework. The involved structures combine axial and vector vertices into odd tensors. This configuration enables…
The probability that a number in many naturally occurring tables of numerical data has first significant digit $d$ is predicted by Benford's Law ${\rm Prob} (d) = \log_{10} (1 + {\displaystyle{1\over d}}), d = 1, 2 >..., 9$. Illustrations…
High precision spectroscopy can provide a sensitive tool to test Coulomb's law on atomic length scales. This can then be used to constrain particles such as extra "hidden" photons or minicharged particles that are predicted in many…
The crown jewel of particle physics, the Standard Model (SM), has withstood numerous experimental trials. However, there are still some observations it cannot explain. Examples such as dark matter and the matter-antimatter imbalance in the…