Related papers: Checking the reliability of opacity databases
The derivation of Bell inequalities in terms of quantum statistical (thermodynamic) entropies is considered. Inequalities of the Wigner form are derived but shown to be extremely limiting in their applicability due to the nature of the…
Anomalies drive scientific discovery -- they are associated with the cutting edge of the research frontier, and thus typically exploit data in the low signal-to-noise regime. In astronomy, the prevalence of systematics --- both "known…
A large literature has grown up around the proposed use of 'weak measurements' (i.e., unsharp measurements followed by post-selection) to allegedly provide information about hidden ontological features of quantum systems. This paper…
We consider a long range scalar force that mainly couples to dark matter and unstable Standard Model states, like the muon, with tiny strength. Probing this type of force would present a challenge to observations. We point out that the…
Refraction at the interface between two materials is fundamental to the interaction of light with photonic devices and to the propagation of light through the atmosphere at large. Underpinning the traditional rules for the refraction of an…
The purpose of this paper is to study metrics suitable for assessing uncertainty of power spectra when these are based on finite second-order statistics. The family of power spectra which is consistent with a given range of values for the…
A relation is obtained between weak values of quantum observables and the consistency criterion for histories of quantum events. It is shown that ``strange'' weak values for projection operators (such as values less than zero) always…
Algebraic topology (homology) is used to analyze the weakly turbulent state of spiral defect chaos in both laboratory experiments and numerical simulations of Rayleigh-Benard convection.The analysis reveals topological asymmetries that…
Diffusion occurs in numerous physical systems throughout nature, drawing its generality from the universality of the central limit theorem. Around a century ago it was realized that an extension to this type of dynamics can be obtained in…
Thanks to the increasing availability in computing power, high-dimensional engineering problems seem to be at reach. But the curse of dimensionality will always prevent us to try out extensively all the hypotheses. There is a vast…
Even when completely and consistently formulated, a fundamental theory of physics and cosmological boundary conditions may not give unambiguous and unique predictions for the universe we observe; indeed inflation, string/M theory, and…
This article provides a concise overview of the main mathematical theory of Benford's law in a form accessible to scientists and students who have had first courses in calculus and probability. In particular, one of the main objectives here…
Rule based classifiers that use the presence and absence of key sub-strings to make classification decisions have a natural mechanism for quantifying the uncertainty of their precision. For a binary classifier, the key insight is to treat…
The result of a physical measurement depends on the timescale of the experimental probe. In solid-state systems, this simple quantum mechanical principle has far-reaching consequences: the interplay of several degrees of freedom close to…
We present a method for computing uncertainties in spectral models, i.e. level populations, line emissivities, and emission line ratios, based upon the propagation of uncertainties originating from atomic data. We provide analytic…
We introduce remarkable upper bounds for the interpolation error constants on triangles, which are sharp and given by simple formulas. These constants are crucial in analyzing interpolation errors, particularly those associated with the…
Availability of reliable atomic and molecular opacity tables is essential in a wide variety of astronomical modeling: the solar and stellar interiors, stellar and planetary atmospheres, stellar evolution, pulsating stars, and protoplanetary…
The total mass density of the Universe appears to be dominated by dark matter. However, beyond its gravitational interactions at the galactic scale, little is known about its nature. Extensions of the quantum electrodynamics Lagrangian with…
Astroparticle experiments such as IceCube or MAGIC require a deconvolution of their measured data with respect to the response function of the detector to provide the distributions of interest, e.g. energy spectra. In this paper,…
Why are materials with specific characteristics more abundant than others? This is a fundamental question in materials science and one that is traditionally difficult to tackle, given the vastness of compositional and configurational space.…