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This paper considers a challenging problem of identifying a causal graphical model under the presence of latent variables. While various identifiability conditions have been proposed in the literature, they often require multiple pure…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-03 Seunghyun Lee , Yuqi Gu

In observational studies, instrumental variables estimation is greatly utilized to identify causal effects. One of the key conditions for the instrumental variables estimator to be consistent is the exclusion restriction, which indicates…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-06-16 Gyuhyeong Goh , Jisang Yu

While hidden class models of various types arise in many statistical applications, it is often difficult to establish the identifiability of their parameters. Focusing on models in which there is some structure of independence of some of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2009-09-01 Elizabeth S. Allman , Catherine Matias , John A. Rhodes

In this article, we review quantile models with endogeneity. We focus on models that achieve identification through the use of instrumental variables and discuss conditions under which partial and point identification are obtained. We…

Applications · Statistics 2017-10-03 Victor Chernozhukov , Christian Hansen

We study identification in nonparametric regression models with a misclassified and endogenous binary regressor when an instrument is correlated with misclassification error. We show that the regression function is nonparametrically…

Econometrics · Economics 2021-08-31 Hiroyuki Kasahara , Katsumi Shimotsu

In this study, we explore the partial identification of nonseparable models with continuous endogenous and binary instrumental variables. We show that the structural function is partially identified when it is monotone or concave in the…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-06-22 Takuya Ishihara

Unlike other techniques of causality inference, the use of valid instrumental variables can deal with unobserved sources of both variable errors, variable omissions, and sampling bias, and still arrive at consistent estimates of average…

Econometrics · Economics 2021-02-17 Øyvind Hoveid

Nonignorable missing outcomes are common in real world datasets and often require strong parametric assumptions to achieve identification. These assumptions can be implausible or untestable, and so we may forgo them in favour of partially…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-10-19 Daniel Daly-Grafstein , Paul Gustafson

We study the identification of binary choice models with fixed effects. We propose a condition called sign saturation and show that this condition is sufficient for identifying the model. In particular, this condition can guarantee…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-06-18 Yinchu Zhu

Identifiability concerns finding which unknown parameters of a model can be estimated from given input-output data. If some subset of the parameters of a model cannot be determined given input-output data, then we say the model is…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2014-11-03 Nicolette Meshkat , Seth Sullivant , Marisa Eisenberg

Mathematical models are invaluable for understanding and predicting how biological systems behave, although their construction requires specifying mechanisms and relationships that are often not perfectly known. In the presence of multiple…

Mixture models have been widely used in modeling of continuous observations. For the possibility to estimate the parameters of a mixture model consistently on the basis of observations from the mixture, identifiability is a necessary…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-07-02 ZiQiang Shi , TieRan Zheng , JiQing Han

We introduce a self-censoring model for multivariate nonignorable nonmonotone missing data, where the missingness process of each outcome is affected by its own value and is associated with missingness indicators of other outcomes, while…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-10-03 Yilin Li , Wang Miao , Ilya Shpitser , Eric J. Tchetgen Tchetgen

The condition of parameter identifiability is essential for the consistency of all estimators and is often challenging to prove. As a consequence, this condition is often assumed for simplicity although this may not be straightforward to…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-07-21 Stéphane Guerrier , Roberto Molinari

Instrumental variable (IV) methods are central to causal inference from observational data, particularly when a randomized experiment is not feasible. However, of the three conventional core IV identification conditions, only one, IV…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-23 Zhonghua Liu , Baoluo Sun , Ting Ye , David Richardson , Eric Tchetgen Tchetgen

Many proposals for the identification of causal effects require an instrumental variable that satisfies strong, untestable unconfoundedness and exclusion restriction assumptions. In this paper, we show how one can potentially identify…

We study identifiability of the parameters in autoregressions defined on a network. Most identification conditions that are available for these models either rely on the network being observed repeatedly, are only sufficient, or require…

Econometrics · Economics 2022-06-06 Federico Martellosio

This study demonstrates the existence of a testable condition for the identification of the causal effect of a treatment on an outcome in observational data, which relies on two sets of variables: observed covariates to be controlled for…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-05-20 Martin Huber , Jannis Kueck

Observational studies are the primary source of data for causal inference, but it is challenging when existing unmeasured confounding. Missing data problems are also common in observational studies. How to obtain the causal effects from the…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-05-15 Renzhong Zheng

Many identification results in instrumental variables (IV) models hold without requiring any restrictions on the distribution of potential outcomes, or how those outcomes are correlated with selection behavior. This enables IV models to…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-02-28 Leonard Goff