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The metaverse, enormous virtual-physical cyberspace, has brought unprecedented opportunities for artists to blend every corner of our physical surroundings with digital creativity. This article conducts a comprehensive survey on…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-11-29 Lik-Hang Lee , Zijun Lin , Rui Hu , Zhengya Gong , Abhishek Kumar , Tangyao Li , Sijia Li , Pan Hui

We introduce the concept of a meta-object, a next-generation virtual object that inherits the form, properties, and functions of its real-world counterpart, enabling seamless synchronization, interaction, and sharing between the physical…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Dooyoung Kim , Taewook Ha , Jinseok Hong , Seonji Kim , Selin Choi , Heejeong Ko , Woontack Woo

This work introduces SMARTe-VR, a platform for student monitoring in an immersive virtual reality environment designed for online education. SMARTe-VR aims to collect data for adaptive learning, focusing on facial biometrics and learning…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Roberto Daza , Lin Shengkai , Aythami Morales , Julian Fierrez , Katashi Nagao

With the proliferation of Virtual Reality (VR) technologies and the emergence of the Metaverse, social VR applications have become increasingly prevalent and accessible to the general user base. Serving as a novel form of social media,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Jiarui Chen , Xinwei Loo , Yien Hong , Anand Bhojan

This article introduces a comprehensive metaverse framework, which is designed for the simulation, emulation, and interaction with wireless systems. The proposed framework integrates core metaverse technologies such as extended reality…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Ilias Chrysovergis , Alexandros-Apostolos A. Boulogeorgos , Theodoros A. Tsiftsis , Dusit Niyato

The metaverse refers to the merger of technologies for providing a digital twin of the real world and the underlying connectivity and interactions for the many kinds of agents within. As this set of technology paradigms - involving…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Jie Guan , Alexis Morris

Virtual reality (VR) headsets provide an immersive, stereoscopic visual experience, but at the cost of blocking users from directly observing their physical environment. Passthrough techniques are intended to address this limitation by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-06 Lei Xiao , Salah Nouri , Joel Hegland , Alberto Garcia Garcia , Douglas Lanman

The term "metaverse", a three-dimensional virtual universe similar to the real realm, has always been full of imagination since it was put forward in the 1990s. Recently, it is possible to realize the metaverse with the continuous emergence…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Ruoyu Zhao , Yushu Zhang , Youwen Zhu , Rushi Lan , Zhongyun Hua

SmartAvatar is a vision-language-agent-driven framework for generating fully rigged, animation-ready 3D human avatars from a single photo or textual prompt. While diffusion-based methods have made progress in general 3D object generation,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Alexander Huang-Menders , Xinhang Liu , Andy Xu , Yuyao Zhang , Chi-Keung Tang , Yu-Wing Tai

Modern avatar generators allow anyone to synthesize photorealistic real-time talking avatars, ushering in a new era of avatar-based human communication, such as with immersive AR/VR interactions or videoconferencing with limited bandwidths.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Ekta Prashnani , Koki Nagano , Shalini De Mello , David Luebke , Orazio Gallo

Streaming speech-to-avatar synthesis creates real-time animations for a virtual character from audio data. Accurate avatar representations of speech are important for the visualization of sound in linguistics, phonetics, and phonology,…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Tejas S. Prabhune , Peter Wu , Bohan Yu , Gopala K. Anumanchipalli

Real-time talking avatar generation requires low latency and minute-level temporal stability. Autoregressive (AR) forcing enables streaming inference but suffers from exposure bias, which causes errors to accumulate and become irreversible…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Liyuan Cui , Wentao Hu , Wenyuan Zhang , Zesong Yang , Fan Shi , Xiaoqiang Liu

Despite staggering growth over the past couple of decades, the concept of the metaverse is still in its early stages. Eventually, it is expected to become a common medium connecting every individual. Considering the complexity of this…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Anirudh Dash

Immersive telepresence aims to transform human interaction in AR/VR applications by enabling lifelike full-body holographic representations for enhanced remote collaboration. However, existing systems rely on hardware-intensive multi-camera…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Fangyu Lin , Yingdong Hu , Zhening Liu , Yufan Zhuang , Zehong Lin , Jun Zhang

The Metaverse is a concept that proposes to immerse users into real-time rendered 3D content virtual worlds delivered through Extended Reality (XR) devices like Augmented and Mixed Reality (AR/MR) smart glasses and Virtual Reality (VR)…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Tiago M. Fernández-Caramés , Paula Fraga-Lamas

Recently, text-guided 3D generative methods have made remarkable advancements in producing high-quality textures and geometry, capitalizing on the proliferation of large vision-language and image diffusion models. However, existing methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Xiao Han , Yukang Cao , Kai Han , Xiatian Zhu , Jiankang Deng , Yi-Zhe Song , Tao Xiang , Kwan-Yee K. Wong

Traditional XR and Metaverse applications prioritize user experience (UX) for adoption and success but often overlook a crucial aspect of user interaction: emotions. This article addresses this gap by presenting an emotion-aware Metaverse…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Musaab H. Hamed-Ahmed , Diego Ramil-López , Paula Fraga-Lamas , Tiago M. Fernández-Caramés

In this paper, we present a novel content caching and delivery approach for mobile virtual reality (VR) video streaming. The proposed approach aims to maximize VR video streaming performance, i.e., minimizing video frame missing rate, by…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-20 Mushu Li , Jie Gao , Conghao Zhou , Xuemin Shen , Weihua Zhuang

We present a tele-immersive system that enables people to interact with each other in a virtual world using body gestures in addition to verbal communication. Beyond the obvious applications, including general online conversations and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Xinzhong Lu , Ju Shen , Saverio Perugini , Jianjun Yang

Talking head generation creates lifelike avatars from static portraits for virtual communication and content creation. However, current models do not yet convey the feeling of truly interactive communication, often generating one-way…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Taekyung Ki , Sangwon Jang , Jaehyeong Jo , Jaehong Yoon , Sung Ju Hwang