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We report the first complete characterization of single-qubit and two-qubit gate fidelities in silicon-based spin qubits, including cross-talk and error correlations between the two qubits. To do so, we use a combination of standard…

Quantum Phase Estimation (QPE) routines are known to fail probabilistically even with perfect gates and input states. This effect stems from an incompatibility of finite-sized quantum registers to capture a phase within QPE with phase…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-12 Harriet Apel , Cristian L. Cortes , Jessica Lemieux , Mark Steudtner

With improved gate calibrations reducing unitary errors, we achieve a benchmarked single-qubit gate fidelity of 99.95% with superconducting qubits in a circuit quantum electrodynamics system. We present a method for distinguishing between…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-01-13 Sarah Sheldon , Lev S. Bishop , Easwar Magesan , Stefan Filipp , Jerry M. Chow , Jay M. Gambetta

Coherent errors, and especially those that occur in correlation among a set of qubits, are detrimental for large-scale quantum computing. Correlations in noise can occur as a result of spatial and temporal configurations of instructions…

The implementation of quantum gates with fidelities that exceed the threshold for reliable quantum computing requires robust gates whose performance is not limited by the precision of the available control fields. The performance of these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-30 Alexandre M. Souza , Roberto S. Sarthour , Ivan S. Oliveira , Dieter Suter

KV cache quantization reduces the memory cost of long-context LLM inference, but introduces approximation error that is typically validated only empirically. Existing systems rely on average-case robustness, with no mechanism to detect or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Dean Calver

Gate fidelity -- an average fidelity over all possible input states -- is the workhorse metric for benchmarking quantum gates or circuits, yet fault-tolerant quantum computing ultimately depends on the worst-case behavior, typically…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-10 Kyoungho Cho , Ilkwon Sohn , Yongsoo Hwang , Jeongho Bang

Benchmarking large-scale quantum gates, typically involving multiple native two-qubit and singlequbit gates, is crucial in quantum computing. Global fidelity, encompassing information about intergate correlations, offers a comprehensive…

Gates in error-prone quantum information processors are often modeled using sets of one- and two-qubit process matrices, the standard model of quantum errors. However, the results of quantum circuits on real processors often depend on…

Nowadays, Large Language Models (LLMs) are foundational components of modern software systems. As their influence grows, concerns about fairness have become increasingly pressing. Prior work has proposed metamorphic testing to detect…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Alessandra Parziale , Gianmario Voria , Valeria Pontillo , Gemma Catolino , Andrea De Lucia , Fabio Palomba

The possibility to utilize different types of two-qubit gates on a single quantum computing platform adds flexibility in the decomposition of quantum algorithms. A larger hardware-native gate set may decrease the number of required gates,…

Conditional average treatment effects (CATEs) are increasingly estimated from observational data and used to guide policy and individualized treatment decisions. Before such estimates can be trusted in practice, their predictive fitness…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-21 Bosen Cui , Yuhong Yang

Demonstrations of quantum computational advantage and benchmarks of quantum processors via quantum random circuit sampling are based on evaluating the linear cross-entropy benchmark (XEB). A key question in the theory of XEB is whether it…

Multi-hop QA benchmarks frequently reward Large Language Models (LLMs) for spurious correctness, masking ungrounded or flawed reasoning steps. To shift toward rigorous reasoning, we propose SAFE, a dynamic benchmarking framework that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Daeyong Kwon , Soyoung Yoon , Seung-won Hwang

High-quality two-qubit gate operations are crucial for scalable quantum information processing. Often, the gate fidelity is compromised when the system becomes more integrated. Therefore, a low-error-rate, easy-to-scale two-qubit gate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-24 Yuan Xu , Ji Chu , Jiahao Yuan , Jiawei Qiu , Yuxuan Zhou , Libo Zhang , Xinsheng Tan , Yang Yu , Song Liu , Jian Li , Fei Yan , Dapeng Yu

Practical Quantum computing hinges on the ability to control large numbers of qubits with high fidelity. Quantum dots define a promising platform due to their compatibility with semiconductor manufacturing. Moreover, high-fidelity…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-07-28 W. I. L. Lawrie , M. Rimbach-Russ , F. van Riggelen , N. W. Hendrickx , S. L. de Snoo , A. Sammak , G. Scappucci , J. Helsen , M. Veldhorst

Developing quantum computers for real-world applications requires understanding theoretical sources of quantum advantage and applying those insights to design more powerful machines. Toward that end, we introduce a high-fidelity gate set…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-04 Alexander D. Hill , Mark J. Hodson , Nicolas Didier , Matthew J. Reagor

We address interconnection challenges in limited-qubit superconducting quantum computers (SQC), which often face crosstalk errors due to expanded qubit interactions during operations. Existing mitigation methods carry trade-offs, like…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-02 Leanghok Hour , Sovanmonynuth Heng , Sengthai Heng , Myeongseong Go , Youngsun Han

As quantum processors grow, new performance benchmarks are required to capture the full quality of the devices at scale. While quantum volume is an excellent benchmark, it focuses on the highest quality subset of the device and so is unable…

Cross-entropy benchmarking (XEB) with single-qubit reference sequences is widely used to characterize multi-qubit gates in large-scale quantum processors, despite the lack of a rigorous theoretical justification. Here we show that the…

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