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In quantum mechanics, the variance-based Heisenberg-type uncertainty relations are a series of mathematical inequalities posing the fundamental limits on the achievable accuracy of the state preparations. In contrast, we construct and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-15 Yao Yao , Xing Xiao , Xiaoguang Wang , C. P. Sun

We examine a constrained Markov decision process under uncertain transition probabilities, with the uncertainty modeled as deviations from observed transition probabilities. We construct the uncertainty set associated with the deviations…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-04-15 V Varagapriya

It has been previously shown that any measurement system specific relationship (SSR)/ mathematical-model Y_d = f_d ({X_m}) or so is bracketed with certain parameters which should prefix the achievable-accuracy/ uncertainty (e_d^Y) of a…

General Physics · Physics 2020-03-06 B. P. Datta

We consider the problem of testing mutual independence among the components of a high-dimensional random vector. Building on the rank-based max-sum framework, we introduce fixed finite-$L_q$ power-sum statistics under three general classes…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-26 Ping Zhao , Hongfei Wang , Long Feng

Conditional independence (CI) testing arises naturally in many scientific problems and applications domains. The goal of this problem is to investigate the conditional independence between a response variable $Y$ and another variable $X$,…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-07 Adel Javanmard , Mohammad Mehrabi

The efficacy of robust optimization spans a variety of settings with uncertainties bounded in predetermined sets. In many applications, uncertainties are affected by decisions and cannot be modeled with current frameworks. This paper takes…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-03-29 Omid Nohadani , Kartikey Sharma

In this paper we study the asymptotics of linear regression in settings with non-Gaussian covariates where the covariates exhibit a linear dependency structure, departing from the standard assumption of independence. We model the covariates…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-12-10 Behrad Moniri , Hamed Hassani

This paper proposes Expected Confidence Dependency (ECD), a novel, soft computing-oriented, accuracy driven dependency measure for feature selection within the rough set theory framework. Unlike traditional rough set dependency measures…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Saeed Rasouli , Hamid Karamikabir

The metric-adjusted skew information establishes a connection between the geometrical formulation of quantum statistics and the measures of quantum information. We study uncertainty relations in product and summation forms of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-04 Xiaoyu Ma , Qing-Hua Zhang , Shao-Ming Fei

We present general principles underlying analysis of the dependence of random variables (outputs) on deterministic conditions (inputs). Random outputs recorded under mutually exclusive input values are labeled by these values and considered…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-01-27 Ehtibar N. Dzhafarov , Janne V. Kujala

Causal inference studies whether the presence of a variable influences an observed outcome. As measured by quantities such as the "average treatment effect," this paradigm is employed across numerous biological fields, from vaccine and drug…

We show that the stochastic independence of real-valued random variables is equivalent to the conditional uncorrelation, where the conditioning takes place over the Cartesian products of intervals. Next, we express the mutual independence…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-04 Dawid Tarłowski

Deep learning has the potential to dramatically impact navigation and tracking state estimation problems critical to autonomous vehicles and robotics. Measurement uncertainties in state estimation systems based on Kalman and other Bayes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-16 Rebecca L. Russell , Christopher Reale

Causal inference with observational data can be performed under an assumption of no unobserved confounders (unconfoundedness assumption). There is, however, seldom clear subject-matter or empirical evidence for such an assumption. We…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-11-13 Minna Genbäck , Xavier de Luna

This paper develops new tools to quantify uncertainty in optimal decision making and to gain insight into which variables one should collect information about given the potential cost of measuring a large number of variables. We investigate…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-05-11 Yunan Wu , Lan Wang , Haoda Fu

Estimating the dependences between random variables, and ranking them accordingly, is a prevalent problem in machine learning. Pursuing frequentist and information-theoretic approaches, we first show that the p-value and the mutual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-07-02 Harald Steck

Conformal prediction provides a distribution-free framework for uncertainty quantification. This study explores the application of conformal prediction in scenarios where covariates are missing, which introduces significant challenges for…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-09 Jingsen Kong , YIming Liu , Guangren Yang

In this paper we provide a theoretical analysis of counterfactual invariance. We present a variety of existing definitions, study how they relate to each other and what their graphical implications are. We then turn to the current major…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Jake Fawkes , Robin J. Evans

This paper introduces a new class of Cox models for dependent bivariate data. The impact of the covariate on the dependence of the variables is captured through the modification of their copula. Various classes of well known copulas are…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2010-07-26 Mohamed Achibi , Michel Broniatowski

Large-scale discrete fracture network (DFN) simulators are standard fare for studies involving the sub-surface transport of particles since direct observation of real world underground fracture networks is generally infeasible. While these…