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Explainable machine learning methods have been accompanied by substantial development. Despite their success, the existing approaches focus more on the general framework with no prior domain expertise. High-stakes financial sectors have…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-08-13 Dangxing Chen , Jingfeng Chen , Weicheng Ye

In recent years, the Shapley value and SHAP explanations have emerged as one of the most dominant paradigms for providing post-hoc explanations of black-box models. Despite their well-founded theoretical properties, many recent works have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-21 James Enouen , Yan Liu

Data valuation -- quantifying the contribution of individual data sources to certain predictive behaviors of a model -- is of great importance to enhancing the transparency of machine learning and designing incentive systems for data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-28 Zhihong Liu , Hoang Anh Just , Xiangyu Chang , Xi Chen , Ruoxi Jia

SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) has become a popular method to attribute the prediction of a machine learning model on an input to its features. One main challenge of SHAP is the computation time. An exact computation of Shapley values…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-09-06 Linwei Hu , Ke Wang

The biological roles of gene sets are used to group them into collections. These collections are often characterized by being high-dimensional, overlapping, and redundant families of sets, thus precluding a straightforward interpretation…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2023-08-01 Chiara Balestra , Carlo Maj , Emmanuel Müller , Andreas Mayr

In order to ensure the reliability of the explanations of machine learning models, it is crucial to establish their advantages and limits and in which case each of these methods outperform. However, the current understanding of when and how…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Célia Wafa Ayad , Thomas Bonnier , Benjamin Bosch , Sonali Parbhoo , Jesse Read

Interpreting predictions from tree ensemble methods such as gradient boosting machines and random forests is important, yet feature attribution for trees is often heuristic and not individualized for each prediction. Here we show that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-08 Scott M. Lundberg , Gabriel G. Erion , Su-In Lee

Feature attribution methods such as SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) have become instrumental in understanding machine learning models, but their role in guiding model optimization remains underexplored. In this paper, we propose a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Amal Saadallah

Shapley values have become a cornerstone of explainable AI, but they are computationally expensive to use, especially when features are dependent. Evaluating them requires approximating a large number of conditional expectations, either via…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Lars Henry Berge Olsen , Dennis Christensen

The Shapley value, which is arguably the most popular approach for assigning a meaningful contribution value to players in a cooperative game, has recently been used intensively in explainable artificial intelligence. Its meaningfulness is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Patrick Kolpaczki , Viktor Bengs , Maximilian Muschalik , Eyke Hüllermeier

Developing modern machine learning (ML) applications is data-centric, of which one fundamental challenge is to understand the influence of data quality to ML training -- "Which training examples are 'guilty' in making the trained ML model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-28 Bojan Karlaš , David Dao , Matteo Interlandi , Bo Li , Sebastian Schelter , Wentao Wu , Ce Zhang

Predictive Business Process Monitoring is becoming an essential aid for organizations, providing online operational support of their processes. This paper tackles the fundamental problem of equipping predictive business process monitoring…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-18 Riccardo Galanti , Bernat Coma-Puig , Massimiliano de Leoni , Josep Carmona , Nicolò Navarin

Scores based on Shapley values are widely used for providing explanations to classification results over machine learning models. A prime example of this is the influential SHAP-score, a version of the Shapley value that can help explain…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Marcelo Arenas , Pablo Barceló Leopoldo Bertossi , Mikaël Monet

With water quality management processes, identifying and interpreting relationships between features, such as location and weather variable tuples, and water quality variables, such as levels of bacteria, is key to gaining insights and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-12 Conor Muldoon , Levent Görgü , John J. O'Sullivan , Wim G. Meijer , Gregory M. P. O'Hare

Existing methods of explainable AI and interpretable ML cannot explain change in the values of an output variable for a statistical unit in terms of the change in the input values and the change in the "mechanism" (the function transforming…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Kailash Budhathoki , George Michailidis , Dominik Janzing

Recently, SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) has been widely utilized in various research domains. This is particularly evident in application fields, where SHAP analysis serves as a crucial tool for identifying biomarkers and assisting…

Computation · Statistics 2026-02-02 Kyungjin Kim , Youngro Lee , Jongmo Seo

Originally introduced in game theory, Shapley values have emerged as a central tool in explainable machine learning, where they are used to attribute model predictions to specific input features. However, computing Shapley values exactly is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Christopher Musco , R. Teal Witter

This work focuses on developing efficient post-hoc explanations for quantum AI algorithms. In classical contexts, the cooperative game theory concept of the Shapley value adapts naturally to post-hoc explanations, where it can be used to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-18 Iain Burge , Michel Barbeau , Joaquin Garcia-Alfaro

Predicting the future trajectory of a moving agent can be easy when the past trajectory continues smoothly but is challenging when complex interactions with other agents are involved. Recent deep learning approaches for trajectory…

Many methods to explain black-box models, whether local or global, are additive. In this paper, we study global additive explanations for non-additive models, focusing on four explanation methods: partial dependence, Shapley explanations…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-08-02 Sarah Tan , Giles Hooker , Paul Koch , Albert Gordo , Rich Caruana