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In this paper, we propose a novel model called Learnable VAE (L-VAE), which learns a disentangled representation together with the hyperparameters of the cost function. L-VAE can be considered as an extension of \b{eta}-VAE, wherein the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Hazal Mogultay Ozcan , Sinan Kalkan , Fatos T. Yarman-Vural

Current deep learning-based manifold learning algorithms such as the variational autoencoder (VAE) require fully sampled data to learn the probability density of real-world datasets. Once learned, the density can be used for a variety of…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-13 Qing Zou , Abdul Haseeb Ahmed , Prashant Nagpal , Sarv Priya , Rolf Schulte , Mathews Jacob

We develop the sparse VAE for unsupervised representation learning on high-dimensional data. The sparse VAE learns a set of latent factors (representations) which summarize the associations in the observed data features. The underlying…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-04-16 Gemma E. Moran , Dhanya Sridhar , Yixin Wang , David M. Blei

To truly understand vision models, we must not only interpret their learned features but also validate these interpretations through controlled experiments. While earlier work offers either rich semantics or direct control, few post-hoc…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Samuel Stevens , Wei-Lun Chao , Tanya Berger-Wolf , Yu Su

While unsupervised variational autoencoders (VAE) have become a powerful tool in neuroimage analysis, their application to supervised learning is under-explored. We aim to close this gap by proposing a unified probabilistic model for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-15 Qingyu Zhao , Ehsan Adeli , Nicolas Honnorat , Tuo Leng , Kilian M. Pohl

Variational Autoencoder (VAE), a simple and effective deep generative model, has led to a number of impressive empirical successes and spawned many advanced variants and theoretical investigations. However, recent studies demonstrate that,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-08 Xuezhe Ma , Chunting Zhou , Eduard Hovy

Constructing a compressed latent space through a variational autoencoder (VAE) is the key for efficient 3D diffusion models. This paper introduces COD-VAE that encodes 3D shapes into a COmpact set of 1D latent vectors without sacrificing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-29 In Cho , Youngbeom Yoo , Subin Jeon , Seon Joo Kim

Recent advances in scanning tunneling and transmission electron microscopies (STM and STEM) have allowed routine generation of large volumes of imaging data containing information on the structure and functionality of materials. The…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2021-06-24 Maxim Ziatdinov , Chun Yin Wong , Sergei V. Kalinin

Variational Autoencoder (VAE) encoders play a critical role in modern generative models, yet their computational cost often motivates the use of knowledge distillation or quantification to obtain compact alternatives. Existing studies…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Jiaming Chu , Tao Wang , Lei Jin

Unsupervised learning can leverage large-scale data sources without the need for annotations. In this context, deep learning-based auto encoders have shown great potential in detecting anomalies in medical images. However, state-of-the-art…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-17 David Zimmerer , Simon A. A. Kohl , Jens Petersen , Fabian Isensee , Klaus H. Maier-Hein

Despite advances in deep probabilistic models, learning discrete latent representations remains challenging. This work introduces a novel method to improve inference in discrete Variational Autoencoders by reframing the inference problem…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 María Martínez-García , Grace Villacrés , David Mitchell , Pablo M. Olmos

In this tutorial, we explore Variational Autoencoders (VAEs), an essential framework for unsupervised learning, particularly suited for high-dimensional datasets such as neuroimaging. By integrating deep learning with Bayesian inference,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-15 C. Vázquez-García , F. J. Martínez-Murcia , F. Segovia Román , Juan M. Górriz Sáez

With the development of generative-based self-supervised learning (SSL) approaches like BeiT and MAE, how to learn good representations by masking random patches of the input image and reconstructing the missing information has grown in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Yabo Chen , Yuchen Liu , Dongsheng Jiang , Xiaopeng Zhang , Wenrui Dai , Hongkai Xiong , Qi Tian

The variational autoencoder (VAE) can learn the manifold of natural images on certain datasets, as evidenced by meaningful interpolating or extrapolating in the continuous latent space. However, on discrete data such as text, it is unclear…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-10 Peng Xu , Jackie Chi Kit Cheung , Yanshuai Cao

As a general-purpose generative model architecture, VAE has been widely used in the field of image and natural language processing. VAE maps high dimensional sample data into continuous latent variables with unsupervised learning. Sampling…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-11-05 Yao Li

The Variational Autoencoder (VAE) has proven to be an effective model for producing semantically meaningful latent representations for natural data. However, it has thus far seen limited application to sequential data, and, as we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Adam Roberts , Jesse Engel , Colin Raffel , Curtis Hawthorne , Douglas Eck

We present a new flavor of Variational Autoencoder (VAE) that interpolates seamlessly between unsupervised, semi-supervised and fully supervised learning domains. We show that unlabeled datapoints not only boost unsupervised tasks, but also…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-15 Felix Berkhahn , Richard Keys , Wajih Ouertani , Nikhil Shetty , Dominik Geißler

Graph autoencoders (AE) and variational autoencoders (VAE) are powerful node embedding methods, but suffer from scalability issues. In this paper, we introduce FastGAE, a general framework to scale graph AE and VAE to large graphs with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-14 Guillaume Salha , Romain Hennequin , Jean-Baptiste Remy , Manuel Moussallam , Michalis Vazirgiannis

Variational auto-encoders (VAEs) are a popular and powerful deep generative model. Previous works on VAEs have assumed a factorized likelihood model, whereby the output uncertainty of each pixel is assumed to be independent. This…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-14 Gara Dorta , Sara Vicente , Lourdes Agapito , Neill D. F. Campbell , Ivor Simpson

Deep learning is a kind of feature learning method with strong nonliear feature transformation and becomes more and more important in many fields of artificial intelligence. Deep autoencoder is one representative method of the deep learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Yongming Li , Yan Lei , Pin Wang , Yuchuan Liu