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While great progress has been made at making neural networks effective across a wide range of visual tasks, most models are surprisingly vulnerable. This frailness takes the form of small, carefully chosen perturbations of their input,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Cecilia Summers , Michael J. Dinneen

Exploring effective and transferable adversarial examples is vital for understanding the characteristics and mechanisms of Vision Transformers (ViTs). However, adversarial examples generated from surrogate models often exhibit weak…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Yanting Gao , Yepeng Liu , Junming Liu , Qi Zhang , Hongyun Zhang , Duoqian Miao , Cairong Zhao

Ensemble-based attacks have been proven to be effective in enhancing adversarial transferability by aggregating the outputs of models with various architectures. However, existing research primarily focuses on refining ensemble weights or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Hanwen Cao , Haobo Lu , Xiaosen Wang , Kun He

In recent years, there has been a significant trend in deep neural networks (DNNs), particularly transformer-based models, of developing ever-larger and more capable models. While they demonstrate state-of-the-art performance, their growing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Amit Baras , Alon Zolfi , Yuval Elovici , Asaf Shabtai

Transfer-based attack adopts the adversarial examples generated on the surrogate model to attack various models, making it applicable in the physical world and attracting increasing interest. Recently, various adversarial attacks have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Zhijin Ge , Hongying Liu , Xiaosen Wang , Fanhua Shang , Yuanyuan Liu

Although deep-learning based video recognition models have achieved remarkable success, they are vulnerable to adversarial examples that are generated by adding human-imperceptible perturbations on clean video samples. As indicated in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-30 Zhipeng Wei , Jingjing Chen , Zuxuan Wu , Yu-Gang Jiang

Recently, Vision Transformers (ViTs) have shown competitive performance on image recognition while requiring less vision-specific inductive biases. In this paper, we investigate if such performance can be extended to image generation. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Kwonjoon Lee , Huiwen Chang , Lu Jiang , Han Zhang , Zhuowen Tu , Ce Liu

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are well known to be vulnerable to adversarial examples (AEs). In previous studies, the use of models encrypted with a secret key was demonstrated to be robust against white-box attacks, but not against black-box…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Ryota Iijima , Sayaka Shiota , Hitoshi Kiya

Deep neural networks are known to be vulnerable to adversarial examples crafted by adding human-imperceptible perturbations to the benign input. After achieving nearly 100% attack success rates in white-box setting, more focus is shifted to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-07 Xu Han , Anmin Liu , Chenxuan Yao , Yanbo Fan , Kun He

Vision-language pre-training (VLP) models have shown vulnerability to adversarial examples in multimodal tasks. Furthermore, malicious adversaries can be deliberately transferred to attack other black-box models. However, existing work has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Dong Lu , Zhiqiang Wang , Teng Wang , Weili Guan , Hongchang Gao , Feng Zheng

Adversarial patches are physically realizable localized noise, which are able to hijack Vision Transformers (ViT) self-attention, pulling focus toward a small, high-contrast region and corrupting the class token to force confident…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Nandish Chattopadhyay , Anadi Goyal , Chandan Karfa , Anupam Chattopadhyay

In this paper, we ask whether Vision Transformers (ViTs) can serve as an underlying architecture for improving the adversarial robustness of machine learning models against evasion attacks. While earlier works have focused on improving…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Edoardo Debenedetti , Vikash Sehwag , Prateek Mittal

Following their success in visual recognition tasks, Vision Transformers(ViTs) are being increasingly employed for image restoration. As a few recent works claim that ViTs for image classification also have better robustness properties, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Shashank Agnihotri , Kanchana Vaishnavi Gandikota , Julia Grabinski , Paramanand Chandramouli , Margret Keuper

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are vulnerable to adversarial examples, which are crafted by adding human-imperceptible perturbations to the benign inputs. Simultaneously, adversarial examples exhibit transferability across models, enabling…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Jiafeng Wang , Zhaoyu Chen , Kaixun Jiang , Dingkang Yang , Lingyi Hong , Pinxue Guo , Haijing Guo , Wenqiang Zhang

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have a radically different architecture with significantly less inductive bias than Convolutional Neural Networks. Along with the improvement in performance, security and robustness of ViTs are also of great…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Khoa D. Doan , Yingjie Lao , Peng Yang , Ping Li

Vector quantization (VQ) underpins modern generative and representation models by turning continuous latents into discrete tokens. Yet hard nearest-neighbor assignments are non-differentiable and are typically optimized with heuristic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Haochen You , Heng Zhang , Hongyang He , Yuqi Li , Baojing Liu

The ability of deep neural networks (DNNs) come from extracting and interpreting features from the data provided. By exploiting intermediate features in DNNs instead of relying on hard labels, we craft adversarial perturbation that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Shangbo Wu , Yu-an Tan , Ruinan Ma , Wencong Ma , Dehua Zhu , Yuanzhang Li

We consider the black-box adversarial setting, where the adversary has to generate adversarial perturbations without access to the target models to compute gradients. Previous methods tried to approximate the gradient either by using a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Shuyu Cheng , Yinpeng Dong , Tianyu Pang , Hang Su , Jun Zhu

Standard deep learning models such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) lack the ability of generalizing to domains which have not been seen during training. This problem is mainly due to the common but often wrong assumption of such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Mehrdad Noori , Milad Cheraghalikhani , Ali Bahri , Gustavo A. Vargas Hakim , David Osowiechi , Ismail Ben Ayed , Christian Desrosiers

The black-box adversarial attack has attracted impressive attention for its practical use in the field of deep learning security. Meanwhile, it is very challenging as there is no access to the network architecture or internal weights of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Yifeng Xiong , Jiadong Lin , Min Zhang , John E. Hopcroft , Kun He