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Decision tree learning is a widely used approach in machine learning, favoured in applications that require concise and interpretable models. Heuristic methods are traditionally used to quickly produce models with reasonably high accuracy.…

Differential Dynamic Programming is an optimal control technique often used for trajectory generation. Many variations of this algorithm have been developed in the literature, including algorithms for stochastic dynamics or state and input…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-05-26 Dennis Gramlich , Carsten W. Scherer , Christian Ebenbauer

An individualized treatment regime (ITR) is a decision rule that assigns treatments based on patients' characteristics. The value function of an ITR is the expected outcome in a counterfactual world had this ITR been implemented. Recently,…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-01-16 Pan Zhao , Julie Josse , Shu Yang

Individualized treatment rules (ITRs) are deterministic decision rules that recommend treatments to individuals based on their characteristics. Though ubiquitous in medicine, ITRs are hardly ever evaluated in randomized controlled trials.…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-08-22 François Grolleau , Francois Petit , Raphaël Porcher

Bayesian response adaptive clinical trials are currently evaluating experimental therapies for several diseases. Adaptive decisions, such as pre-planned variations of the randomization probabilities, attempt to accelerate the development of…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-05-25 Marta Bonsaglio , Sandra Fortini , Steffen Ventz , Lorenzo Trippa

We propose a reinforcement learning method for estimating an optimal dynamic treatment regime for survival outcomes with dependent censoring. The estimator allows the failure time to be conditionally independent of censoring and dependent…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-05-13 Hunyong Cho , Shannon T. Holloway , David J. Couper , Michael R. Kosorok

Integrative analysis of multiple datasets for estimating optimal individualized treatment rules (ITRs) can enhance decision efficiency. A central challenge is posterior shift, wherein the conditional distribution of potential outcomes given…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-09 Wenhai Cui , Wen Su , Xingqiu Zhao

It is crucial to provide compatible treatment schemes for a disease according to various symptoms at different stages. However, most classification methods might be ineffective in accurately classifying a disease that holds the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-26 Jianguo Chen , Kenli Li , Huigui Rong , Kashif Bilal , Nan Yang , Keqin Li

The focus of precision medicine is on decision support, often in the form of dynamic treatment regimes (DTRs), which are sequences of decision rules. At each decision point, the decision rules determine the next treatment according to the…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-12-22 Cong Jiang , Mary Thompson , Michael Wallace

Precision medicine incorporates patient-level covariates to tailor treatment decisions, seeking to improve outcomes. In longitudinal studies with time-varying covariates and sequential treatment decisions, precision medicine can be…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-08-05 Dylan Spicker , Michael Wallace

A framework for online robust adaptive radiation therapy (ART) is presented. This framework is designed to (i) handle interfractional geometric variations following a probability distribution different from the a priori hypothesis, (ii)…

Medical Physics · Physics 2020-09-09 Michelle Böck

Phase I clinical trials are designed to test the safety (non-toxicity) of drugs and find the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). This task becomes significantly more challenging when multiple-drug dose-combinations (DC) are involved, due to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-27 Hyun-Suk Lee , Cong Shen , William Zame , Jang-Won Lee , Mihaela van der Schaar

Interfractional geometric uncertainties can lead to deviations of the actual delivered dose from the prescribed dose distribution. To better handle these uncertainties during treatment, the authors propose a dynamic framework for robust…

Medical Physics · Physics 2019-05-16 Michelle Böck , Kjell Eriksson , Anders Forsgren

Computer models, aiming at simulating a complex real system, are often calibrated in the light of data to improve performance. Standard calibration methods assume that the optimal values of calibration parameters are invariant to the model…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-09-01 Georgios Karagiannis , Bledar A. Konomi , Guang Lin

Randomized controlled trials typically analyze the effectiveness of treatments with the goal of making treatment recommendations for patient subgroups. With the advance of electronic health records, a great variety of data has been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-31 Zhiliang Wu , Yinchong Yang , Yunpu Ma , Yushan Liu , Rui Zhao , Michael Moor , Volker Tresp

Trajectory optimization considers the problem of deciding how to control a dynamical system to move along a trajectory which minimizes some cost function. Differential Dynamic Programming (DDP) is an optimal control method which utilizes a…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-01-10 David D. Fan , Evangelos A. Theodorou

Sequential change diagnosis is the joint problem of detection and identification of a sudden and unobservable change in the distribution of a random sequence. In this problem, the common probability law of a sequence of i.i.d. random…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-10-29 Savas Dayanik , Christian Goulding , H. Vincent Poor

Causal discovery is crucial for understanding complex systems and informing decisions. While observational data can uncover causal relationships under certain assumptions, it often falls short, making active interventions necessary. Current…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Yuxuan Wang , Mingzhou Liu , Xinwei Sun , Wei Wang , Yizhou Wang

We present an optimizer which uses Bayesian optimization to tune the system parameters of distributed stochastic gradient descent (SGD). Given a specific context, our goal is to quickly find efficient configurations which appropriately…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-12-04 Valentin Dalibard , Michael Schaarschmidt , Eiko Yoneki

Recent statistical and reinforcement learning methods have significantly advanced patient care strategies. However, these approaches face substantial challenges in high-stakes contexts, including missing data, inherent stochasticity, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Harsh Parikh , Quinn Lanners , Zade Akras , Sahar F. Zafar , M. Brandon Westover , Cynthia Rudin , Alexander Volfovsky