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G\"odel logic with the projection operator Delta (G_Delta) is an important many-valued as well as intermediate logic. In contrast to classical logic, the validity and the satisfiability problems of G_Delta are not directly dual to each…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Matthias Baaz , Agata Ciabattoni , Christian G Fermüller

In a previous article, we extended the notion of ergodic optimization to the setting of C*-dynamical systems of countable discrete groups. Among the key results of that paper was that given an action $G \stackrel{\Xi}{\curvearrowright}…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2021-09-30 Aidan Young

A survey of paraconsistent logics that are prominent representatives of the different approaches that have been followed to develop paraconsistent logics is provided. The paraconsistent logics that will be discussed are an enrichment of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-11-15 C. A. Middelburg

This paper presents a Prolog-based reasoning module to generate counterfactual explanations given the predictions computed by a black-box classifier. The proposed symbolic reasoning module can also resolve what-if queries using the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-21 Gonzalo Nápoles , Fabian Hoitsma , Andreas Knoben , Agnieszka Jastrzebska , Maikel Leon Espinosa

In order to develop efficient tools for automated reasoning with inconsistency (theorem provers), eventually making Logics of Formal inconsistency (LFI) a more appealing formalism for reasoning under uncertainty, it is important to develop…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-04-25 Victoria Arce Pistone , Martín Figallo

In [Hitzler and Wendt 2002, 2005], a new methodology has been proposed which allows to derive uniform characterizations of different declarative semantics for logic programs with negation. One result from this work is that the well-founded…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Pascal Hitzler

Classical logic predicts that everything (thus nothing useful at all) follows from inconsistency. A paraconsistent logic is a logic where an inconsistency does not lead to such an explosion, and since in practice consistency is difficult to…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Jørgen Villadsen

We design an expansion of Belnap--Dunn logic with belief and plausibility functions that allow non-trivial reasoning with inconsistent and incomplete probabilistic information. We also formalise reasoning with non-standard probabilities and…

We explore the problem of explaining observations starting from a classically inconsistent theory by adopting a paraconsistent framework. We consider two expansions of the well-known Belnap--Dunn paraconsistent four-valued logic…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Meghyn Bienvenu , Katsumi Inoue , Daniil Kozhemiachenko

Stable model semantics has become a very popular approach for the management of negation in logic programming. This approach relies mainly on the closed world assumption to complete the available knowledge and its formulation has its basis…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-08-31 Y. Loyer , U. Straccia

The present study shows how to enrich De Morgan algebras with a perfection operator that allows one to express the Boolean properties of negation-consistency and negation-determinedness. The variety of perfect paradefinite algebras thus…

Logic · Mathematics 2022-04-11 Joel Gomes , Vitor Greati , Sérgio Marcelino , João Marcos , Umberto Rivieccio

Non-classical generalizations of classical modal logic have been developed in the contexts of constructive mathematics and natural language semantics. In this paper, we discuss a general approach to the semantics of non-classical modal…

Logic · Mathematics 2024-06-25 Wesley H. Holliday

We develop a duality for (modal) lattices that need not be distributive, and use it to study positive (modal) logic beyond distributivity, which we call weak positive (modal) logic. This duality builds on the Hofmann, Mislove and Stralka…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-12-01 Nick Bezhanishvili , Anna Dmitrieva , Jim de Groot , Tommaso Moraschini

We introduce the G\"odel Mirror, a formal system defined in Lean 4 that treats contradiction as a control signal for recursive structural evolution. Inspired by G\"odelian self-reference, our system's operational semantics encode symbolic…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Jhet Chan

We study an extension of First Degree Entailment (FDE) by Dunn and Belnap with a non-contingency operator $\blacktriangle\phi$ which is construed as "$\phi$ has the same value in all accessible states" or "all sources give the same…

Logic · Mathematics 2024-02-20 Daniil Kozhemiachenko , Liubov Vashentseva

We present a novel treatment of set theory in a four-valued paraconsistent and paracomplete logic, i.e., a logic in which propositions can be both true and false, and neither true nor false. Our approach is a significant departure from…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-10-18 Yurii Khomskii , Hrafn Valtýr Oddsson

Holliday recently introduced a non-classical logic called Fundamental Logic, which intends to capture exactly those properties of the connectives "and", "or" and "not" that hold in virtue of their introduction and elimination rules in…

Logic · Mathematics 2024-06-24 Guillaume Massas

G3-style sequent calculi for the logics in the cube of non-normal modal logics and for their deontic extensions are studied. For each calculus we prove that weakening and contraction are height-preserving admissible, and we give a syntactic…

Logic · Mathematics 2020-02-20 Eugenio Orlandelli

We explore presumptive reasoning in the paraconsistent case. Specifically, we provide semantics for non-trivial reasoning with presumptive arguments with contradictory assumptions or conclusions. We adapt the case models proposed by Verheij…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-07-12 Sabine Frittella , Daniil Kozhemiachenko , Bart Verheij

In this article we characterize the equivalent algebraic semantics for the one-variable monadic fragment of the first-order logic ${\cal G} \forall_{\sim}$ defined by F. Esteva, L. Godo, P. H\'ajek and M. Navara in Residuated fuzzy logics…