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These notes discuss several topics in neoclassical economics and alternatives, with an aim of reviewing fundamental issues in modeling economic markets. I start with a brief, non-rigorous summary of the basic Arrow-Debreu model of general…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2009-02-26 Lee Smolin

A broad set of empirical phenomenon in the study of social, economic and machine behaviour can be modelled as complex systems with averaging dynamics. However many of these models naturally result in consensus or consensus-like outcomes. In…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-07-03 Orowa Sikder

We consider continuous-time consensus seeking systems whose time-dependent interactions are cut-balanced, in the following sense: if a group of agents influences the remaining ones, the former group is also influenced by the remaining ones…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2013-04-29 Julien M. Hendrickx , John N. Tsitsiklis

We present a macroeconomic agent-based model that combines several mechanisms operating at the same timescale, while remaining mathematically tractable. It comprises enterprises and workers who compete in a job market and a commodity goods…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2012-11-26 Cornelia Metzig , Mirta Gordon

We introduce a new class of combinatorial markets in which agents have covering constraints over resources required and are interested in delay minimization. Our market model is applicable to several settings including scheduling, cloud…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-04-17 Nikhil Devanur , Jugal Garg , Ruta Mehta , Vijay V. Vazirani , Sadra Yazdanbod

Temporal coherence-persistent alignment across time-can arise between agents with fundamentally distinct dynamics, a behavior that classical diffusion models (e.g., Brownian motion, fractional Brownian motion, generalized Langevin equation)…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-05-19 Aranyak Sarkar

We consider continuous-time heterogeneous agent models with recursive utility (Epstein-Zin utility) cast as mean field games, in which agents prefer late resolution of uncertainty. The model leads to a system coupling a pair of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-27 Yves Achdou , Qing Tang

Time inconsistency is prevalent in dynamic choice problems: a plan of actions to be taken in the future that is optimal for an agent today may not be optimal for the same agent in the future. If the agent is aware of this intra-personal…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-05-06 Xue Dong He , Xun Yu Zhou

We formulate an equilibrium model of intraday trading in electricity markets. Agents face balancing constraints between their customers consumption plus intraday sales and their production plus intraday purchases. They have continuously…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2020-10-20 René Aid , Andrea Cosso , Huyên Pham

In this paper we present a continuous time dynamical model of heterogeneous agents interacting in a financial market where transactions are cleared by a market maker. The market is composed of fundamentalist, trend following and contrarian…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2008-12-10 Giuseppe Garofalo , Alessandro Sansone

In this paper, we deal with first and second-order alignment models with non-universal interaction, time delay and possible lack of connection between the agents. More precisely, we analyze the situation in which the system's agents do not…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-08-26 Chiara Cicolani , Elisa Continelli , Cristina Pignotti

We investigate an infinite-horizon time-inconsistent mean-field game (MFG) in a discrete time setting. We first present a classic equilibrium for the MFG and its associated existence result. This classic equilibrium aligns with the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-09-13 Erhan Bayraktar , Zhenhua Wang

In light of the growing interest in agent-based market models, we bring together several earlier works in which we considered the topic of self-consistent market modelling. Building upon the binary game structure of Challet and Zhang, we…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2008-12-02 Paul Jefferies , Neil F. Johnson

We prove the global existence of an incomplete, continuous-time finite-agent Radner equilibrium in which exponential agents optimize their expected utility over both running consumption and terminal wealth. The market consists of a traded…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2018-09-18 Kim Weston , Gordan Zitkovic

We extend prior evidence that naively using intraday agent-based models that involve realistic order-matching processes for modeling continuous-time double auction markets seems to fail to be able to provide a robust link between data and…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2018-10-08 Donovan Platt , Tim Gebbie

We introduce a stochastic heterogeneous interacting-agent model for the short-time non-equilibrium evolution of excess demand and price in a stylized asset market. We consider a combination of social interaction within peer groups and…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2009-07-20 Gunter M. Schütz , Fernando Pigeard de Almeida Prado , Rosemary J. Harris , Vladimir Belitsky

The non-consensus problems of high order linear time-invariant dynamical homogeneous multi-agent systems are concerned. Based on the conditions of consensus achievement, the mechanisms that lead to non-consensus motions are analyzed.…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-08-01 Ning Cai , Chun-Lin Deng , Qiu-Xuan Wu

Multi-agent systems built on Large Language Models (LLMs) show exceptional promise for complex collaborative problem-solving, yet they face fundamental challenges stemming from context window limitations that impair memory consistency, role…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Sizhe Yuen , Francisco Gomez Medina , Ting Su , Yali Du , Adam J. Sobey

We propose and compare new global solution algorithms for continuous time heterogeneous agent economies with aggregate shocks. First, we approximate the agent distribution so that equilibrium in the economy can be characterized by a high,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-06-21 Zhouzhou Gu , Mathieu Laurière , Sebastian Merkel , Jonathan Payne

There has been much recent interest in two-sided markets and dynamics thereof. In a rather a general discrete-time feedback model, which we show conditions that assure that for each agent, there exists the limit of a long-run average…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-04-21 Wynita M. Griggs , Ramen Ghosh , Jakub Marecek , Robert N. Shorten
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