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Simulating a network of Ising spins with physical systems is now emerging as a promising approach for solving mathematically intractable problems. Here we report a large-scale network of artificial spins based on degenerate optical…

Combinatorial optimization problems are computationally hard in general, but they are ubiquitous in our modern life. A coherent Ising machine (CIM) based on a multiple-pulse degenerate optical parametric oscillator (DOPO) is an alternative…

Programmable optical devices provide performance enhancement and flexibility to spatial multiplexing systems enabling transmission of tributaries in high-order eigenmodes of spatially-diverse transmission media, like multimode fiber (MMF).…

Ising machines offer a compelling approach to addressing NP-hard problems, but physical realizations that are simultaneously scalable, reconfigurable, fast, and stable remain elusive. Quantum annealers, like D-Wave's cryogenic hardware,…

Oscillator Ising Machines (OIMs) and probabilistic bit (p-bit)-based computing platforms have emerged as promising paradigms for tackling complex combinatorial optimization problems. Although traditionally viewed as distinct approaches,…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-01-26 E. M. Hasantha Ekanayake , Nikhat Khan , Nikhil Shukla

Ising machines are specialized computers for finding the lowest energy states of Ising spin models, onto which many practical combinatorial optimization problems can be mapped. Simulated bifurcation (SB) is a quantum-inspired parallelizable…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Tomoya Kashimata , Masaya Yamasaki , Ryo Hidaka , Kosuke Tatsumura

Coherent Ising Machines (CIMs) have emerged as a hybrid form of quantum computing devices designed to solve NP-complete problems, offering an exciting opportunity for discovering optimal solutions. Despite challenges such as susceptibility…

The growing challenges of scaling digital computing motivate new approaches, especially through the dynamical evolution of physical systems that mimic neural networks and combinatorial optimization problems. While light is a hyper efficient…

Ising machines -- special-purpose hardware for heuristically solving Ising optimization problems -- based on probabilistic bits (p-bits) have been established as a promising alternative to heuristic optimization algorithms run on…

The need for solving optimization problems is prevalent in a wide range of physical applications, including neuroscience, network design, biological systems, socio-economics, and chemical reactions. Many of these are classified as…

It is challenging to scale Ising machines for industrial-level problems due to algorithm or hardware limitations. Although higher-order Ising models provide a more compact encoding, they are, however, hard to physically implement. This work…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Yunuo Cen , Zhiwei Zhang , Zixuan Wang , Yimin Wang , Xuanyao Fong

The high-performance scalable parallel algorithm for rigorous calculation of partition function of lattice systems with finite number Ising spins was developed. The parallel calculations run by C++ code with using of Message Passing…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2012-02-21 Alexey A. Peretyatko , Ivan A. Bogatyrev , Vitaliy Yu. Kapitan , Yury V. Kirienko , Konstantin V. Nefedev , Valery I. Belokon

The aim of this work is to prove that it is possible to realise an optical system which produces as output a light intensity that can be expressed in the same mathematical form of the spin glass Hamiltonian. The optical system under study…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2020-10-27 Erik Hörmann

We have carried out numerical simulations of the three-dimensional Ising spin glass model with first neighbour Gaussian couplings using three replicas for each sample of couplings. We have paid special attention to the measure of two types…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2008-11-26 David Iñiguez , Giorgio Parisi , Juan J. Ruiz-Lorenzo

The Ising machine is an unconventional computing architecture that can be used to solve NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems more efficiently than traditional von Neumann architectures. Fast, compact oscillator networks which provide…

Computational Physics · Physics 2021-10-20 Brooke C. McGoldrick , Jonathan Z. Sun , Luqiao Liu

The scaling of fluctuations in the distribution of ground-state energies or costs with the system size N for Ising spin glasses is considered using an extensive set of simulations with the Extremal Optimization heuristic across a range of…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2022-05-20 Stefan Boettcher

Spin glass systems as lattices of disordered magnets with random interactions have important implications within the theory of magnetization and applications to a wide-range of hard combinatorial optimization problems. Nevertheless, despite…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-10-28 Fredrik Hasselgren , Max O. Al-Hasso , Amy Searle , Joseph Tindall , Marko von der Leyen

We present several efficient implementations of the simulated annealing algorithm for Ising spin glasses on sparse graphs. In particular, we provide a generic code for any choice of couplings, an optimized code for bipartite graphs, and…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2015-09-25 S. V. Isakov , I. N. Zintchenko , T. F. Rønnow , M. Troyer

Selective plane illumination microscopy (SPIM) is an optical sectioning imaging approach based on orthogonal light pathways for excitation and detection. The excitation pathway has an inverse relation between the optical sectioning strength…

Optics · Physics 2024-07-29 Steven J. Sheppard , Peter T. Brown , Douglas P. Shepherd

A prominent approach to solving combinatorial optimization problems on parallel hardware is Ising machines, i.e., hardware implementations of networks of interacting binary spin variables. Most Ising machines leverage second-order…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-12-08 Connor Bybee , Denis Kleyko , Dmitri E. Nikonov , Amir Khosrowshahi , Bruno A. Olshausen , Friedrich T. Sommer