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Large vision-language models (VLMs) have made significant strides in 2D visual understanding tasks, sparking interest in extending these capabilities to 3D scene understanding. However, current 3D VLMs often struggle with robust reasoning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Ting Huang , Zeyu Zhang , Hao Tang

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) excel at reasoning in linguistic space but struggle with perceptual understanding that requires dense visual perception, e.g., spatial reasoning and geometric awareness. This limitation stems from the fact that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Yiming Qin , Bomin Wei , Jiaxin Ge , Konstantinos Kallidromitis , Stephanie Fu , Trevor Darrell , XuDong Wang

We propose MIRA, a new benchmark designed to evaluate models in scenarios where generating intermediate visual images is essential for successful reasoning. Unlike traditional CoT methods that rely solely on text, tasks in MIRA require…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Yiyang Zhou , Haoqin Tu , Zijun Wang , Zeyu Wang , Niklas Muennighoff , Fan Nie , Yejin Choi , James Zou , Chaorui Deng , Shen Yan , Haoqi Fan , Cihang Xie , Huaxiu Yao , Qinghao Ye

Training models to apply linguistic knowledge and visual concepts from 2D images to 3D world understanding is a promising direction that researchers have only recently started to explore. In this work, we design a novel 3D pre-training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Maria Parelli , Alexandros Delitzas , Nikolas Hars , Georgios Vlassis , Sotirios Anagnostidis , Gregor Bachmann , Thomas Hofmann

Recent 3D Large-Language Models (3D-LLMs) claim to understand 3D worlds, especially spatial relationships among objects. Yet, we find that simply fine-tuning a language model on text-only question-answer pairs can perform comparably or even…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Xianzheng Ma , Tao Sun , Shuai Chen , Yash Bhalgat , Jindong Gu , Angel X Chang , Iro Armeni , Iro Laina , Songyou Peng , Victor Adrian Prisacariu

Situation awareness is essential for understanding and reasoning about 3D scenes in embodied AI agents. However, existing datasets and benchmarks for situated understanding are limited in data modality, diversity, scale, and task scope. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Xiongkun Linghu , Jiangyong Huang , Xuesong Niu , Xiaojian Ma , Baoxiong Jia , Siyuan Huang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown promising capabilities in mathematical reasoning within visual contexts across various datasets. However, most existing multimodal math benchmarks are limited to single-visual contexts,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Peijie Wang , Zhong-Zhi Li , Fei Yin , Xin Yang , Dekang Ran , Cheng-Lin Liu

The rapid progress of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has unlocked the potential for enhanced 3D scene understanding and spatial reasoning. A recent line of work explores learning spatial reasoning directly from multi-view images,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Kanghee Lee , Injae Lee , Minseok Kwak , Jungi Hong , Kwonyoung Ryu , Jaesik Park

Multimodal latent-space reasoning aims to replace explicit thinking with images by performing visual reasoning directly in a compact latent space. However, existing approaches largely rely on visual supervision and produce latent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Tianrun Xu , Yue Sun , Qixun Wang , Jingyi Lu , Yuan Wang , Tianren Zhang , Longteng Guo , Fengyun Rao , Jing Lyu , Feng Chen , Jing Liu

Explanation and high-order reasoning capabilities are crucial for real-world visual question answering with diverse levels of inference complexity (e.g., what is the dog that is near the girl playing with?) and important for users to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-24 Qingxing Cao , Bailin Li , Xiaodan Liang , Liang Lin

While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) excel at single-image understanding, they exhibit significantly degraded performance in multi-image reasoning scenarios. Multi-image reasoning presents fundamental challenges including complex…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Jianghao Yin , Qingbin Li , Kun Sun , Cheng Ding , Jie Wang , Qin Chen , Jie Zhou , Nan Wang , Changqing Li , Pei Wu , Jian Xu , Zheming Yang , Liang He

AI models have achieved state-of-the-art results in textual reasoning; however, their ability to reason over spatial and relational structures remains a critical bottleneck -- particularly in early-grade maths, which relies heavily on…

Recent advancements in Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have shown promising results in mathematical reasoning within visual contexts, with models approaching human-level performance on existing benchmarks such as MathVista. However, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Ke Wang , Junting Pan , Weikang Shi , Zimu Lu , Mingjie Zhan , Hongsheng Li

We present a scalable, bottom-up and intrinsically diverse data collection scheme that can be used for high-level reasoning with long and medium horizons and that has 2.2x higher throughput compared to traditional narrow top-down…

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved notable gains in various tasks by incorporating Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning in language spaces. Recent work extends this direction by leveraging external tools for visual editing,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Bangzheng Li , Ximeng Sun , Jiang Liu , Ze Wang , Jialian Wu , Xiaodong Yu , Hao Chen , Emad Barsoum , Muhao Chen , Zicheng Liu

3D spatial reasoning is the ability to analyze and interpret the positions, orientations, and spatial relationships of objects within the 3D space. This allows models to develop a comprehensive understanding of the 3D scene, enabling their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Wufei Ma , Haoyu Chen , Guofeng Zhang , Yu-Cheng Chou , Jieneng Chen , Celso M de Melo , Alan Yuille

Text-based Visual Question Answering~(TextVQA) aims to produce correct answers for given questions about the images with multiple scene texts. In most cases, the texts naturally attach to the surface of the objects. Therefore, spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Hao Li , Jinfa Huang , Peng Jin , Guoli Song , Qi Wu , Jie Chen

Decoding visual content from fMRI signals recorded while a person views images, and specifically answering questions about the seen images, is a long-standing challenge. While significant progress has been made in recent years in visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Roman Beliy , Matias Cosarinsky , Oliver Heinimann , Navve Wasserman , Michal Irani

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) excel at many multimodal tasks, yet they frequently struggle with tasks requiring precise understanding and handling of fine-grained visual elements. This is mainly due to information loss during image encoding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Xuchen Li , Xuzhao Li , Jiahui Gao , Renjie Pi , Shiyu Hu , Wentao Zhang

While chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting improves reasoning in large language models, its effectiveness in vision-language models (VLMs) remains limited due to over-reliance on textual cues and memorized knowledge. To investigate the visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Charles Corbière , Simon Roburin , Syrielle Montariol , Antoine Bosselut , Alexandre Alahi