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Related papers: Uncertainty-aware U-Net for Medical Landmark Detec…

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Segmentation of anatomical structures and pathologies is inherently ambiguous. For instance, structure borders may not be clearly visible or different experts may have different styles of annotating. The majority of current state-of-the-art…

Semi-supervised segmentation tackles the scarcity of annotations by leveraging unlabeled data with a small amount of labeled data. A prominent way to utilize the unlabeled data is by consistency training which commonly uses a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-14 Sukesh Adiga , Jose Dolz , Herve Lombaert

Cephalometric analysis has an important role in dentistry and especially in orthodontics as a treatment planning tool to gauge the size and special relationships of the teeth, jaws and cranium. The first step of using such analyses is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-06-15 Mahshid Majd , Farzaneh Shoeleh

Medical image segmentation supports clinical workflows by precisely delineating anatomical structures and lesions. However, medical image datasets medical image datasets suffer from acquisition noise and annotation ambiguity, causing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Ruiyang Li , Fang Liu , Licheng Jiao , Xinglin Xie , Jiayao Hao , Shuo Li , Xu Liu , Jingyi Yang , Lingling Li , Puhua Chen , Wenping Ma

According to recent studies, commonly used computer vision datasets contain about 4% of label errors. For example, the COCO dataset is known for its high level of noise in data labels, which limits its use for training robust neural deep…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-08 Natalia Khanzhina , Alexey Lapenok , Andrey Filchenkov

In forensic craniofacial identification and in many biomedical applications, craniometric landmarks are important. Traditional methods for locating landmarks are time-consuming and require specialized knowledge and expertise. Current…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Ravi Shankar Prasad , Nandani Sharma , Dinesh Singh

A model's ability to express its own predictive uncertainty is an essential attribute for maintaining clinical user confidence as computational biomarkers are deployed into real-world medical settings. In the domain of cancer digital…

Clinical dataset labels are rarely certain as annotators disagree and confidence is not uniform across cases. Typical aggregation procedures, such as majority voting, obscure this variability. In simple experiments on medical imaging…

As deep learning is widely used in the radiology field, the explainability of such models is increasingly becoming essential to gain clinicians' trust when using the models for diagnosis. In this research, three experiment sets were…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-04 Akino Watanabe , Sara Ketabi , Khashayar , Namdar , Farzad Khalvati

Label distribution learning can characterize the polysemy of an instance through label distributions. However, some noise and uncertainty may be introduced into the label space when processing label distribution data due to artificial or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Qimeng Guo , Zhuoran Zheng , Xiuyi Jia , Liancheng Xu

We present an efficient neural network method for locating anatomical landmarks in 3D medical CT scans, using atlas location autocontext in order to learn long-range spatial context. Location predictions are made by regression to Gaussian…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-10-02 Alison Q O'Neil , Antanas Kascenas , Joseph Henry , Daniel Wyeth , Matthew Shepherd , Erin Beveridge , Lauren Clunie , Carrie Sansom , Evelina Šeduikytė , Keith Muir , Ian Poole

Landmark detection is central to many medical applications, such as identifying critical structures for treatment planning or defining control points for biometric measurements. However, manual annotation is labor-intensive and requires…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Alexandra Ertl , Stefan Denner , Robin Peretzke , Shuhan Xiao , David Zimmerer , Maximilian Fischer , Markus Bujotzek , Xin Yang , Peter Neher , Fabian Isensee , Klaus H. Maier-Hein

The evolving algorithms for 2D facial landmark detection empower people to recognize faces, analyze facial expressions, etc. However, existing methods still encounter problems of unstable facial landmarks when applied to videos. Because…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-31 Xiaoyu Xiang , Yang Cheng , Shaoyuan Xu , Qian Lin , Jan Allebach

Recent work by Suenderhauf et al. [1] demonstrated improved visual place recognition using proposal regions coupled with features from convolutional neural networks (CNN) to match landmarks between views. In this work we extend the approach…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-08-16 Pilailuck Panphattarasap , Andrew Calway

Although current face alignment algorithms have obtained pretty good performances at predicting the location of facial landmarks, huge challenges remain for faces with severe occlusion and large pose variations, etc. On the contrary,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-26 Jinheng Xie , Jun Wan , Linlin Shen , Zhihui Lai

Quantifying aleatoric uncertainty in medical image segmentation is critical since it is a reflection of the natural variability observed among expert annotators. A conventional approach is to model the segmentation distribution using the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Phi Van Nguyen , Ngoc Huynh Trinh , Duy Minh Lam Nguyen , Phu Loc Nguyen , Quoc Long Tran

The availability of real-world datasets is the prerequisite for developing object detection methods for autonomous driving. While ambiguity exists in object labels due to error-prone annotation process or sensor observation noises, current…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-04 Zining Wang , Di Feng , Yiyang Zhou , Lars Rosenbaum , Fabian Timm , Klaus Dietmayer , Masayoshi Tomizuka , Wei Zhan

In the clinical settings, during digital examination of histopathological slides, the pathologist annotate the slides by marking the rough boundary around the suspected tumour region. The marking or annotation is generally represented as a…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-23 Suvidha Tripathi , Satish Kumar Singh

Semantic segmentation models trained on known object classes often fail in real-world autonomous driving scenarios by confidently misclassifying unknown objects. While pixel-wise out-of-distribution detection can identify unknown objects,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Marc Hölle , Walter Kellermann , Vasileios Belagiannis

Re-identification of individual animals in images can be ambiguous due to subtle variations in body markings between different individuals and no constraints on the poses of animals in the wild. Person re-identification is a similar task…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-10 Olga Moskvyak , Frederic Maire , Feras Dayoub , Mahsa Baktashmotlagh