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Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) is a fundamental operation in vector databases, enabling efficient similarity search in high-dimensional spaces. While dense ANNS has been optimized using specialized hardware accelerators, sparse…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Tianqi Zhang , Flavio Ponzina , Tajana Rosing

Nearest neighbor search is fundamental to a wide range of applications. Since the exact nearest neighbor search suffers from the "curse of dimensionality", approximate approaches, such as Locality-Sensitive Hashing (LSH), are widely used to…

Databases · Computer Science 2021-04-14 Huan Hu , Jianzhong Li

Approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search on SSD-backed indexes is increasingly I/O-bound (I/O accounts for 70--90\% of query latency). We present an I/O-first framework for disk-based ANN that organizes techniques along three dimensions:…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Liang Li , Shufeng Gong , Yanan Yang , Yiduo Wang , Jie Wu

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) is the task of finding the database vector that is closest to a given query vector. Graph-based ANNS is the family of methods with the best balance of accuracy and speed for million-scale datasets.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Naoki Ono , Yusuke Matsui

Approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search in high dimensions is an integral part of several computer vision systems and gains importance in deep learning with explicit memory representations. Since PQT, FAISS, and SONG started to leverage…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-08 Fabian Groh , Lukas Ruppert , Patrick Wieschollek , Hendrik P. A. Lensch

Clustering is a fundamental task in machine learning. One of the most successful and broadly used algorithms is DBSCAN, a density-based clustering algorithm. DBSCAN requires $\epsilon$-nearest neighbor graphs of the input dataset, which are…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Youguang Chen , William Ruys , George Biros

Filtered approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) restricts the search to data objects whose attributes satisfy a given filter and retrieves the top-$K$ objects that are most semantically similar to the query object. Many graph-based ANNS…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Tianming Wu , Dixin Tang

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) is a key retrieval technique for vector database and many data center applications, such as person re-identification and recommendation systems. It is also fundamental to retrieval augmented…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Yitu Wang , Shiyu Li , Qilin Zheng , Linghao Song , Zongwang Li , Andrew Chang , Hai "Helen" Li , Yiran Chen

K-Nearest Neighbours (k-NN) is a popular classification and regression algorithm, yet one of its main limitations is the difficulty in choosing the number of neighbours. We present a Bayesian algorithm to compute the posterior probability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-06-05 Giuseppe Nuti

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are very popular because of their high performance in various cognitive tasks in Machine Learning (ML). Recent advancements in DNNs have brought beyond human accuracy in many tasks, but at the cost of high…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-03-18 Giorgos Armeniakos , Georgios Zervakis , Dimitrios Soudris , Jörg Henkel

Much recent work has been devoted to approximate nearest neighbor queries. Motivated by applications in recommender systems, we consider approximate furthest neighbor (AFN) queries and present a simple, fast, and highly practical data…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-11-23 Rasmus Pagh , Francesco Silvestri , Johan Sivertsen , Matthew Skala

Locality Sensitive Filters are known for offering a quasi-linear space data structure with rigorous guarantees for the Approximate Near Neighbor search (ANN) problem. Building on Locality Sensitive Filters, we derive a simple data structure…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Martin Aumüller , Fabrizio Boninsegna , Francesco Silvestri

Similarity search is a critical primitive for a wide variety of applications including natural language processing, content-based search, machine learning, computer vision, databases, robotics, and recommendation systems. At its core,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-06-09 Vincent T. Lee , Justin Kotalik , Carlo C. Del Mundo , Armin Alaghi , Luis Ceze , Mark Oskin

This paper studies density-based clustering of point sets. These methods use dense regions of points to detect clusters of arbitrary shapes. In particular, we study variants of density peaks clustering, a popular type of algorithm that has…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Shangdi Yu , Joshua Engels , Yihao Huang , Julian Shun

With the growing integration of structured and unstructured data, new methods have emerged for performing similarity searches on vectors while honoring structured attribute constraints, i.e., a process known as Filtering Approximate Nearest…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Mocheng Li , Xiao Yan , Baotong Lu , Yue Zhang , James Cheng , Chenhao Ma

Probabilistic k-nearest neighbour (PKNN) classification has been introduced to improve the performance of original k-nearest neighbour (KNN) classification algorithm by explicitly modelling uncertainty in the classification of each feature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-05-07 Ji Won Yoon , Nial Friel

Approximate Nearest Neighbor (ANN) search has become fundamental to modern AI infrastructure, powering recommendation systems, search engines, and large language models across industry leaders from Google to OpenAI. Hierarchical Navigable…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Ganap Ashit Tewary , Nrusinga Charan Gantayat , Jeff Zhang

We are in the era where the Big Data analytics has changed the way of interpreting the various biomedical phenomena, and as the generated data increase, the need for new machine learning methods to handle this evolution grows. An indicative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-04 Panagiotis Anagnostou , Petros T. Barmbas , Aristidis G. Vrahatis , Sotiris K. Tasoulis

Motivated by applications in computer vision and databases, we introduce and study the Simultaneous Nearest Neighbor Search (SNN) problem. Given a set of data points, the goal of SNN is to design a data structure that, given a collection of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-04-11 Piotr Indyk , Robert Kleinberg , Sepideh Mahabadi , Yang Yuan

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) is a fundamental problem in many areas of machine learning and data mining. During the past decade, numerous hashing algorithms are proposed to solve this problem. Every proposed algorithm claims…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-06-20 Deng Cai