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Transparency of Machine Learning models used for decision support in various industries becomes essential for ensuring their ethical use. To that end, feature attribution methods such as SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) are widely used…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-08 Anna Bogdanova , Akira Imakura , Tetsuya Sakurai , Tomoya Fujii , Teppei Sakamoto , Hiroyuki Abe

Recent progress in Large Language Models (LLMs) has substantially advanced the automation of software engineering (SE) tasks, enabling complex activities such as code generation and code summarization. However, the black-box nature of LLMs…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Antonio Vitale , Khai-Nguyen Nguyen , Denys Poshyvanyk , Rocco Oliveto , Simone Scalabrino , Antonio Mastropaolo

As machine learning is increasingly deployed in high-stakes contexts affecting people's livelihoods, there have been growing calls to open the black box and to make machine learning algorithms more explainable. Providing useful explanations…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-07-13 Umang Bhatt , McKane Andrus , Adrian Weller , Alice Xiang

Explainability is highly-desired in Machine Learning (ML) systems supporting high-stakes policy decisions in areas such as health, criminal justice, education, and employment. While the field of explainable ML has expanded in recent years,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Kasun Amarasinghe , Kit Rodolfa , Hemank Lamba , Rayid Ghani

A trustworthy machine learning model should be accurate as well as explainable. Understanding why a model makes a certain decision defines the notion of explainability. While various flavors of explainability have been well-studied in…

Interpretability in Vision-Language Models (VLMs) is crucial for trust, debugging, and decision-making in high-stakes applications. We introduce PixelSHAP, a model-agnostic framework extending Shapley-based analysis to structured visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Roni Goldshmidt

Artificial intelligence (AI) provides many opportunities to improve private and public life. Discovering patterns and structures in large troves of data in an automated manner is a core component of data science, and currently drives…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-25 Vaishak Belle , Ioannis Papantonis

Explanations have gained an increasing level of interest in the AI and Machine Learning (ML) communities in order to improve model transparency and allow users to form a mental model of a trained ML model. However, explanations can go…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Stefano Teso , Öznur Alkan , Wolfang Stammer , Elizabeth Daly

As machine learning systems are increasingly deployed in high-stakes domains such as criminal justice, finance, and healthcare, the demand for interpretable and trustworthy models has intensified. Despite the proliferation of local…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 James Afful

Model agnostic feature attribution algorithms (such as SHAP and LIME) are ubiquitous techniques for explaining the decisions of complex classification models, such as deep neural networks. However, since complex classification models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Ron Bitton , Alon Malach , Amiel Meiseles , Satoru Momiyama , Toshinori Araki , Jun Furukawa , Yuval Elovici , Asaf Shabtai

Lending decisions are usually made with proprietary models that provide minimally acceptable explanations to users. In a future world without such secrecy, what decision support tools would one want to use for justified lending decisions?…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-07 Chaofan Chen , Kangcheng Lin , Cynthia Rudin , Yaron Shaposhnik , Sijia Wang , Tong Wang

Explainable machine learning offers the potential to provide stakeholders with insights into model behavior by using various methods such as feature importance scores, counterfactual explanations, or influential training data. Yet there is…

In recent years, machine learning (ML) has become a key enabling technology for the sciences and industry. Especially through improvements in methodology, the availability of large databases and increased computational power, today's ML…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-09-27 Wojciech Samek , Klaus-Robert Müller

Ensuring fairness in machine learning models is critical, particularly in high-stakes domains where biased decisions can lead to serious societal consequences. Existing preprocessing approaches generally lack transparent mechanisms for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Lin Zhu , Yijun Bian , Lei You

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has become an increasingly important area of research, particularly as machine learning models are deployed in high-stakes domains. Among various XAI approaches, SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Latifa Dwiyanti , Sergio Ryan Wibisono , Hidetaka Nambo

Automated decision making is used routinely throughout our everyday life. Recommender systems decide which jobs, movies, or other user profiles might be interesting to us. Spell checkers help us to make good use of language. Fraud detection…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-15 Alexander Jung , Pedro H. J. Nardelli

As machine learning (ML) systems take a more prominent and central role in contributing to life-impacting decisions, ensuring their trustworthiness and accountability is of utmost importance. Explanations sit at the core of these desirable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-16 Sahil Verma , Aditya Lahiri , John P. Dickerson , Su-In Lee

Multimodal AI models have achieved impressive performance in tasks that require integrating information from multiple modalities, such as vision and language. However, their "black-box" nature poses a major barrier to deployment in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Zhanliang Wang , Kai Wang

Unpacking and comprehending how black-box machine learning algorithms make decisions has been a persistent challenge for researchers and end-users. Explaining time-series predictive models is useful for clinical applications with high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Amin Nayebi , Sindhu Tipirneni , Chandan K Reddy , Brandon Foreman , Vignesh Subbian

Social scientists are increasingly interested in analyzing the semantic information (e.g., emotion) of unstructured data (e.g., Tweets), where the semantic information is not natively present. Performing this analysis in a cost-efficient…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Chuxuan Hu , Austin Peters , Daniel Kang
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