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Most quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols can be classified as either a discrete-variable (DV) protocol or continuous-variable (CV) protocol, based on how classical information is being encoded. We propose a protocol that combines the…

As quantum key distribution becomes a mature technology, it appears clearly that some assumptions made in the security proofs cannot be justified in practical implementations. This might open the door to possible side-channel attacks. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-05 Paul Jouguet , Sébastien Kunz-Jacques , Eleni Diamanti , Anthony Leverrier

Quantum key distribution (QKD) promises provably secure communications. In order to improve the secret key rate, combining a biased basis choice with the decoy-state method is proposed. Concomitantly, there is a basis-independent detection…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-11 Hua-Lei Yin , Peng Liu , Wei-Wei Dai , Zhao-Hui Ci , Jie Gu , Tian Gao , Qiang-Wei Wang , Zi-Yao Shen

Most continuous-variable quantum key distribution schemes are based on the Gaussian modulation of coherent states followed by continuous quadrature detection using homodyne detectors. In all previous schemes, the Gaussian modulation has…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-06 Tobias Gehring , Christian S. Jacobsen , Ulrik L. Andersen

We propose a method for extracting an errorless secret key in a continuous-variable quantum key distribution protocol, which is based on Gaussian modulation of coherent states and homodyne detection. The crucial feature is an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Anthony Leverrier , Romain Alléaume , Joseph Boutros , Gilles Zémor , Philippe Grangier

We investigate the main limitations which prevent the continuous-variable quantum key distribution protocols from achieving long distances in the finite-size setting. We propose a double-modulation protocol which allows using each state for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-22 László Ruppert , Vladyslav C. Usenko , Radim Filip

Quantum key distribution (QKD) based on coherent states is well known for its implementation simplicity, but it suffers from loss-dependent attacks based on optimal unambiguous state discrimination. Crucially, previous research has…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-05 Li Liu , Yukun Wang , Emilien Lavie , Arno Ricou , Chao Wang , Fen Zhuo Guo , Charles Ci Wen Lim

A high-rate continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) system based on high-order discrete modulation is experimentally investigated. With the help of the novel system scheme, effective digital signal processing algorithms and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-22 Yan Pan , Heng Wang , Yun Shao , Yaodi Pi , Yang Li , Bin Liu , Wei Huang , Bingjie Xu

We establish an analytical lower bound on the asymptotic secret key rate of continuous-variable quantum key distribution with an arbitrary modulation of coherent states. Previously, such bounds were only available for protocols with a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-15 Aurélie Denys , Peter Brown , Anthony Leverrier

Establishing the security of continuous-variable quantum key distribution against general attacks in a realistic finite-size regime is an outstanding open problem in the field of theoretical quantum cryptography if we restrict our attention…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-17 Anthony Leverrier

In this paper we report a continuous-variable quantum key distribution protocol using multimode coherent states generated on subcarrier frequencies of the optical spectrum. To detect the quadrature components of bosonic field we propose a…

The goal of quantum key distribution (QKD) is to establish a secure key between two parties connected by an insecure quantum channel. To use a QKD protocol in practice, one has to prove that a finite size key is secure against general…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-21 Tony Metger , Renato Renner

We present a general framework encompassing a number of continuous-variable quantum key distribution protocols, including standard one-way protocols, measurement-device-independent protocols as well as some two-way protocols, or any other…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-16 Shouvik Ghorai , Eleni Diamanti , Anthony Leverrier

We develop a flexible and robust framework for finite-size security proofs of quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols under coherent attacks, applicable to both fixed- and variable-length protocols. Our approach achieves high finite-size…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-15 Lars Kamin , John Burniston , Ernest Y. -Z. Tan

Future global quantum communication networks, or quantum Internet, will realize high-rate secure communication and entanglement distribution for large-scale users over long distances. Continuous variable (CV) quantum key distribution (QKD)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-26 Zhiyue Zuo , Masoud Ghalaii , Stefano Pirandola

A big challenge in continuous variable quantum key distribution is to prove security against arbitrary coherent attacks including realistic assumptions such as finite-size effects. Recently, such a proof has been presented in [Phys. Rev.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-19 Fabian Furrer

Unidimensional (1D) Gaussian-modulated continuous-variable quantum key distribution protocols have been proposed as a way to simplify implementation and reduce costs through single-quadrature modulation, requiring only one modulator while…

Numerical methods are widely used to calculate the secure key rate of many quantum key distribution protocols in practice, but they consume many computing resources and are too time-consuming. In this work, we take the homodyne detection…

Quantum key distribution provides secure keys with information-theoretic security ensured by the principle of quantum mechanics. The continuous-variable version of quantum key distribution using coherent states offers the advantages of its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-09 Yichen Zhang , Yiming Bian , Zhengyu Li , Song Yu , Hong Guo

In recent years, continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) has become a promising paradigm for enabling secure communication among multiple end users sharing the same telecommunication backbone. CV-QKD with reverse…