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We introduce Spectral NSR, a fully spectral neuro-symbolic reasoning framework that embeds logical rules as spectral templates and performs inference directly in the graph spectral domain. By leveraging graph signal processing (GSP) and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Andrew Kiruluta , Priscilla Burity

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are powerful graph-based deep-learning models that have gained significant attention and demonstrated remarkable performance in various domains, including natural language processing, drug discovery, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Jaykumar Kakkad , Jaspal Jannu , Kartik Sharma , Charu Aggarwal , Sourav Medya

Neural algorithmic reasoning studies the problem of learning algorithms with neural networks, especially with graph architectures. A recent proposal, XLVIN, reaps the benefits of using a graph neural network that simulates the value…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Yu He , Petar Veličković , Pietro Liò , Andreea Deac

While graph neural networks (GNNs) have been shown to perform well on graph-based data from a variety of fields, they suffer from a lack of transparency and accountability, which hinders trust and consequently the deployment of such models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Lucie Charlotte Magister , Dmitry Kazhdan , Vikash Singh , Pietro Liò

Deep learning has consistently defied state-of-the-art techniques in many fields over the last decade. However, we are just beginning to understand the capabilities of neural learning in symbolic domains. Deep learning architectures that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-10 Henrique Lemos , Marcelo Prates , Pedro Avelar , Luis Lamb

In knowledge-intensive tasks, especially in high-stakes domains like medicine and law, it is critical not only to retrieve relevant information but also to provide causal reasoning and explainability. Large language models (LLMs) have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Hang Luo , Jian Zhang , Chujun Li

The exploration of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) for processing graph-structured data has expanded, particularly their potential for causal analysis due to their universal approximation capabilities. Anticipated to significantly enhance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Simi Job , Xiaohui Tao , Taotao Cai , Lin Li , Haoran Xie , Jianming Yong

Researchers have pursued neurosymbolic artificial intelligence (AI) applications for nearly three decades. A marriage of the neural and symbolic components can lead to rapid advancements in AI. Yet, the field has not realized this promise…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Margarita Belova , Jiaxin Xiao , Shikhar Tuli , Niraj K. Jha

Analogical Reasoning problems challenge both connectionist and symbolic AI systems as these entail a combination of background knowledge, reasoning and pattern recognition. While symbolic systems ingest explicit domain knowledge and perform…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Vishwa Shah , Aditya Sharma , Gautam Shroff , Lovekesh Vig , Tirtharaj Dash , Ashwin Srinivasan

Recent studies have shown that Large Language Models (LLMs) can achieve strong reasoning performance by incorporating functional symbolic representations that abstractly describe graph traversal algorithms and step-by-step reasoning in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Phuong Minh Nguyen , Tien Huu Dang , Naoya Inoue

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have shown promising potential in graph representation learning. The majority of GNNs define a local message-passing mechanism, propagating information over the graph by stacking multiple layers. These methods,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Ali Behrouz , Farnoosh Hashemi

Large Language Models (LLMs) show strong reasoning ability in open-domain question answering, yet their reasoning processes are typically linear and often logically inconsistent. In contrast, real-world reasoning requires integrating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yingjian Chen , Haoran Liu , Yinhong Liu , Sherry T. Tong , Aosong Feng , Jinghui Lu , Juntao Zhang , Yusuke Iwasawa , Yutaka Matsuo , Irene Li

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have made significant advances on several fundamental inference tasks. As a result, there is a surge of interest in using these models for making potentially important decisions in high-regret applications.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-26 Kaidi Xu , Sijia Liu , Pin-Yu Chen , Mengshu Sun , Caiwen Ding , Bhavya Kailkhura , Xue Lin

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are a powerful tool for machine learning on graphs.GNNs combine node feature information with the graph structure by recursively passing neural messages along edges of the input graph. However, incorporating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-15 Rex Ying , Dylan Bourgeois , Jiaxuan You , Marinka Zitnik , Jure Leskovec

Despite their linguistic competence, Large Language Models (LLMs) often struggle to reason reliably and flexibly. To identify these shortcomings, we introduce the Non-Linear Reasoning (NLR) dataset, a collection of 55 unique, hand-designed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Nasim Borazjanizadeh , Steven T. Piantadosi

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been widely adopted for their ability to compute expressive node representations in graph datasets. However, serving GNNs on large graphs is challenging due to the high communication, computation, and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Geon-Woo Kim , Donghyun Kim , Jeongyoon Moon , Henry Liu , Tarannum Khan , Anand Iyer , Daehyeok Kim , Aditya Akella

The expressivity of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) has been studied broadly in recent years to reveal the design principles for more powerful GNNs. Graph canonization is known as a typical approach to distinguish non-isomorphic graphs, yet…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Zehao Dong , Muhan Zhang , Philip R. O. Payne , Michael A Province , Carlos Cruchaga , Tianyu Zhao , Fuhai Li , Yixin Chen

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive reasoning abilities, but they still struggle with faithful reasoning due to knowledge gaps and hallucinations. To address these issues, knowledge graphs (KGs) have been utilized to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Linhao Luo , Zicheng Zhao , Gholamreza Haffari , Yuan-Fang Li , Chen Gong , Shirui Pan

Large Language Models (LLMs) for Graph Reasoning have been extensively studied over the past two years, involving enabling LLMs to understand graph structures and reason on graphs to solve various graph problems, with graph algorithm…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Yuwei Hu , Xinyi Huang , Zhewei Wei , Yongchao Liu , Chuntao Hong

Malware detection in modern computing environments demands models that are not only accurate but also interpretable and robust to evasive techniques. Graph neural networks (GNNs) have shown promise in this domain by modeling rich structural…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Hossein Shokouhinejad , Roozbeh Razavi-Far , Griffin Higgins , Ali A Ghorbani