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Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has become effective in tackling discrete cooperative game scenarios. However, MARL has yet to penetrate settings beyond those modelled by team and zero-sum games, confining it to a small subset of…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-06-16 David Mguni , Yutong Wu , Yali Du , Yaodong Yang , Ziyi Wang , Minne Li , Ying Wen , Joel Jennings , Jun Wang

Cooperation is fundamental in Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) and Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL), often requiring agents to balance individual gains with collective rewards. In this regard, this paper aims to investigate strategies to…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Vaigarai Sathi , Sabahat Shaik , Jaswanth Nidamanuri

Real-world multi-agent scenarios often involve mixed motives, demanding altruistic agents capable of self-protection against potential exploitation. However, existing approaches often struggle to achieve both objectives. In this paper,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Fanqi Kong , Yizhe Huang , Song-Chun Zhu , Siyuan Qi , Xue Feng

Mixed-motive scenarios are ubiquitous in real-world multi-agent interactions, where self-interested agents often defect for immediate rewards, overlooking the potential of altruistic cooperation to improve long-term gains and collective…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Min Tang , Fanqi Kong , Linyuan Lü , Xue Feng

We propose a multi-agent distributed reinforcement learning algorithm that balances between potentially conflicting short-term reward and sparse, delayed long-term reward, and learns with partial information in a dynamic environment. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-06 Jing Tan , Ramin Khalili , Holger Karl

In this paper, an adaptive cooperative guidance strategy for the active protection of a target spacecraft trying to evade an interceptor was developed. The target spacecraft performs evasive maneuvers, launching an active defense vehicle to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-07 Li Zhi , Haizhao Liang , Jinze Wu , Jianying Wang , Yu Zheng

We derive a class of macroscopic differential equations that describe collective adaptation, starting from a discrete-time stochastic microscopic model. The behavior of each agent is a dynamic balance between adaptation that locally…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2024-05-15 Yuzuru Sato , Eizo Akiyama , James P. Crutchfield

Multi-agent games are becoming an increasing prevalent formalism for the study of electronic commerce and auctions. The speed at which transactions can take place and the growing complexity of electronic marketplaces makes the study of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2013-01-18 Satinder Singh , Michael Kearns , Yishay Mansour

Recent superhuman results in games have largely been achieved in a variety of zero-sum settings, such as Go and Poker, in which agents need to compete against others. However, just like humans, real-world AI systems have to coordinate and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-12-06 Adam Lerer , Hengyuan Hu , Jakob Foerster , Noam Brown

To achieve general intelligence, agents must learn how to interact with others in a shared environment: this is the challenge of multiagent reinforcement learning (MARL). The simplest form is independent reinforcement learning (InRL), where…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-11-08 Marc Lanctot , Vinicius Zambaldi , Audrunas Gruslys , Angeliki Lazaridou , Karl Tuyls , Julien Perolat , David Silver , Thore Graepel

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has shown recent success in increasingly complex fixed-team zero-sum environments. However, the real world is not zero-sum nor does it have fixed teams; humans face numerous social dilemmas and must…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-12 Bowen Baker

Adversarial attacks during training can strongly influence the performance of multi-agent reinforcement learning algorithms. It is, thus, highly desirable to augment existing algorithms such that the impact of adversarial attacks on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-19 Martin Figura , Yixuan Lin , Ji Liu , Vijay Gupta

Developing an agent capable of adapting to unseen environments remains a difficult challenge in imitation learning. This work presents Adaptive Return-conditioned Policy (ARP), an efficient framework designed to enhance the agent's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Changyeon Kim , Younggyo Seo , Hao Liu , Lisa Lee , Jinwoo Shin , Honglak Lee , Kimin Lee

As agentic AI becomes more widespread, agents with distinct and possibly conflicting goals will interact in complex ways. These multi-agent interactions pose a fundamental challenge, particularly in social dilemmas, where agents' individual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Dereck Piche , Mohammed Muqeeth , Milad Aghajohari , Juan Duque , Michael Noukhovitch , Aaron Courville

Assistive multi-armed bandit problems can be used to model team situations between a human and an autonomous system like a domestic service robot. To account for human biases such as the risk-aversion described in the Cumulative Prospect…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Michael Koller , Timothy Patten , Markus Vincze

Many Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) agents fail to adapt properly to cooperating with agents trained with the same objectives but different seeds, algorithms, or other training differences. This is the problem of Zero-Shot…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Keenan Powell , Peihong Yu , Pratap Tokekar

Cooperative artificial intelligence with human or superhuman proficiency in collaborative tasks stands at the frontier of machine learning research. Prior work has tended to evaluate cooperative AI performance under the restrictive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Keane Lucas , Ross E. Allen

Sparse rewards are a major bottleneck in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), where simultaneous learning induces non-stationarity and makes reward design especially delicate. Reward shaping can accelerate learning, but in the…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Elie Abboud , Oren Gal

In many real-world applications, multiple agents seek to learn how to perform highly related yet slightly different tasks in an online bandit learning protocol. We formulate this problem as the $\epsilon$-multi-player multi-armed bandit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-21 Zhi Wang , Chicheng Zhang , Manish Kumar Singh , Laurel D. Riek , Kamalika Chaudhuri

In the future, artificial learning agents are likely to become increasingly widespread in our society. They will interact with both other learning agents and humans in a variety of complex settings including social dilemmas. We argue that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Tobias Baumann