Related papers: Second law from the Noether current on null hypers…
Regular black holes have become a popular alternative to the singular mathematical black holes predicted by general relativity as they circumvent mathematical pathologies associated with the singularity while preserving crucial black hole…
We give a short review of the recent developments of entropic cosmology based on two thermodynamic laws of the apparent horizon, namely the first and the second laws of thermodynamics. The first law essentially provides the change of the…
The Noether current and its variation relation with respect to diffeomorphism invariance of gravitational theories have been derived from the horizontal variation and vertical-horizontal bi-variation of the Lagrangian, respectively. For…
The quasi-local notion of an isolated horizon is employed to study the entropy of black holes without any particular symmetry in loop quantum gravity. The idea of characterizing the shape of a horizon by a sequence of local areas is…
The first law of black hole mechanics was derived by Wald in a general covariant theory of gravity for stationary variations around a stationary black hole. It is formulated in terms of Noether charges, and has many advantages. In this…
Recently, Verlinde has suggested a novel model of duality between thermodynamics and gravity which leads to an emergent phenomenon for the origin of gravity and general relativity. In this paper, we investigate some features of this model…
We argue that a unitary description of the formation and evaporation of a black hole implies that the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy is the "entropy of a vacuum": the logarithm of the number of possible independent ways in which quantum field…
In classical thermodynamics, irreversible processes are accomplished with an increase of entropy and a release of heat into the environment. In the case of black hole thermodynamics, instead, the increase of entropy is related with the…
We write down the most general membrane equations dual to black holes for a general class of gravity theories, up to sub-leading order in $1/D$ in large $D$ limit. We derive a "minimal" entropy current which satisfies a local form of second…
It is well-known that all 2d models of gravity---including theories with nonvanishing torsion and dilaton theories---can be solved exactly, if matter interactions are absent. An absolutely (in space and time) conserved quantity determines…
In this paper we focus on the gravitational thermodynamics of the far future. Cosmological observations suggest that most matter will be diluted away by the cosmological expansion, with the rest collapsing into supermassive black holes. The…
Through the consideration of spherically symmetric gravitating systems consisting of perfect fluids with linear equation of state constrained to be in a finite volume, an account is given of the properties of entropy at conditions in which…
Einstein's equation could be interpreted as the first law of thermodynamic near the spherically symmetric horizon. Through recalling the Einstein gravity with a more general static spherical symmetric metric, we find that the entropy would…
Entropy increase is fundamentally related to the breaking of time-reversal symmetry. By adding the 'extra dimension' associated with thermodynamic forces, we extend that discrete symmetry to a continuous symmetry for the dynamical…
In LQG, black hole horizons are described by 2+1 dimensional boundaries of a bulk 3+1 dimensional spacetime. The horizon is endowed with area by lines of gravitational flux which pierce the surface. As is well known, counting of the…
The basic equations of the thermodynamic system give the relationship between the internal energy, entropy and volume of two neighboring equilibrium states. By using the functional relationship between the state parameters in the basic…
Black hole entropy has been shown by 't Hooft to diverge at the horizon, whereas entanglement entropy in general does not. We show that because the region near the horizon is a thermal state, entropy is linear to energy, and energy at a…
Black hole thermodynamics in Lorentz-violating gravity is subtle because different excitations propagate at different speeds and hence identify different causal horizons. We revisit Einstein--AEther gravity using the covariant phase space…
Several investigations show that in a very small length scale there exists corrections to the entropy of black hole horizon. Due to fluctuations of the background metric and the external fields the action incorporates corrections. In the…
There would be a perfect correspondence between the laws of classical thermodynamics and black hole thermodynamics, except for the apparent failure of black hole thermodynamics to correspond to the Third Law. The classical Third Law of…