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It is well known that quantum computers can efficiently find a hidden subgroup $H$ of a finite Abelian group $G$. This implies that after only a polynomial (in $\log |G|$) number of calls to the oracle function, the states corresponding to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Mark Ettinger , Peter Hoyer , Emanuel Knill

Grover's search algorithm provides a quadratic speedup over classical brute-force search in terms of query complexity and is widely used as a versatile subroutine in numerous quantum algorithms, including those for combinatorial problems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-27 Eunok Bae , Jeonghyeon Shin , Minjin Choi

The Grover quantum search algorithm is generalized to deal with an arbitrary mixed initial state. The probability to measure a marked state as a function of time is calculated, and found to depend strongly on the specific initial state. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Eli Biham , Dan Kenigsberg

Run-times of quantum algorithms are often studied via an asymptotic, worst-case analysis. Whilst useful, such a comparison can often fall short: it is not uncommon for algorithms with a large worst-case run-time to end up performing well on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-11 Chris Cade , Marten Folkertsma , Ido Niesen , Jordi Weggemans

The essential operations of a quantum computer can be accomplished using solely optical elements, with different polarization or spatial modes representing the individual qubits. We present a simple all-optical implementation of Grover's…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 P. G. Kwiat , J. R. Mitchell , P. D. D. Schwindt , A. G. White

The clique problems, including $k$-CLIQUE and Triangle Finding, form an important class of computational problems; the former is an NP-complete problem, while the latter directly gives lower bounds for Matrix Multiplication. A number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-10 Ali Hadizadeh Moghadam , Payman Kazemikhah , Hossein Aghababa

The success probability of a search of $M$ targets from a database of size $N$, using Grover's search algorithm depends critically on the number of iterations of the composite operation of the oracle followed by Grover's diffusion…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-24 Simanraj Sadana

Quantum search/amplitude amplification algorithms are designed to be able to amplify the amplitude in the target state linearly with the number of operations. Since the probability is the square of the amplitude, this results in the success…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-06-03 Lov K. Grover

We propose and analyze a nonunitary variant of the continuous time Grover search algorithm based on frequent Zeno-type measurements. We show that the algorithm scales similarly to the pure quantum version by deriving tight analytical lower…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-08 P. V. Pyshkin , A. Gábris , Da-Wei Luo , Jian-Qiang You , Lian-Ao Wu

Implementing general functions of operators is a powerful tool in quantum computation. It can be used as the basis for a variety of quantum algorithms including matrix inversion, real and imaginary-time evolution, and matrix powers. Quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-08 Thais de Lima Silva , Lucas Borges , Leandro Aolita

Grover adaptive search (GAS) is a quantum exhaustive search algorithm designed to solve binary optimization problems. In this paper, we propose higher-order binary formulations that can simultaneously reduce the numbers of qubits and gates…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-14 Yuki Sano , Kosuke Mitarai , Naoki Yamamoto , Naoki Ishikawa

Low-energy estimation and state preparation for general $k$-local Hamiltonians are fundamental challenges in quantum complexity theory. For constant relative accuracy, Buhrman et al. (PRL 2025) recently broke the natural Grover bound…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Ranitha Mataraarachchi , François Le Gall , Suguru Tamaki

Quantum algorithms often apply classical operations, such as arithmetic or predicate checks, over a quantum superposition of classical data; these so-called oracles are often the largest components of a quantum program. To ease the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-21 Liyi Li , Finn Voichick , Kesha Hietala , Yuxiang Peng , Xiaodi Wu , Michael Hicks

Quantum counting is a key quantum algorithm that aims to determine the number of marked elements in a database. This algorithm is based on the quantum phase estimation algorithm and uses the evolution operator of Grover's algorithm because…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-11 Gustavo A. Bezerra , Raqueline A. M. Santos , Renato Portugal

In order to assess potential advantages of quantum algorithms that require quantum oracles as subroutines, the careful evaluation of the overall complexity of the oracles themselves is crucial. This study examines the quantum routines…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-29 Sven Danz , Tobias Stollenwerk , Alessandro Ciani

Grover's database search algorithm, although discovered in the context of quantum computation, can be implemented using any physical system that allows superposition of states. A physical realization of this algorithm is described using…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Apoorva D. Patel

Quantum algorithms for diverse problems, including search and optimization problems, require the implementation of a reflection operator over a target state. Commonly, such reflections are approximately implemented using phase estimation.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-08 Anirban Narayan Chowdhury , Yigit Subasi , Rolando D. Somma

Unstructured search remains as one of the significant challenges in computer science, as classical search algorithms become increasingly impractical for large-scale systems due to their linear time complexity. Quantum algorithms, notably…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-22 Harishankar Mishra , Asvija Balasubramanyam , Gudapati Naresh Raghava

We propose a quantum string comparison method whose main building blocks are a specially designed oracle construction followed by Grover's search algorithm. The purpose of the oracle is to compare all alphabets of the string in parallel.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-20 Vikram Menon , Ayan Chattopadhyay

We generalize Grover algorithm with two arbitrary phases in a density matrix set up. We give exact analytic expressions for the success probability after arbitrary number of iteration of the generalized Grover operator as a function of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-01 Saptarshi Roy Chowdhury , Swarupananda Pradhan