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We investigate the effectiveness of adaptive zeroth-order (ZO) optimization for memory-constrained fine-tuning of large language models (LLMs). Contrary to prior claims, we show that adaptive ZO methods such as ZO-Adam offer no convergence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Hassan Dbouk , Nidham Gazagnadou , Matthias Reisser , Christos Louizos

Zeroth-order (ZO, also known as derivative-free) methods, which estimate the gradient only by two function evaluations, have attracted much attention recently because of its broad applications in machine learning community. The two function…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-12 Zhou Zhai , Bin Gu , Heng Huang

In the paper, we propose a class of accelerated zeroth-order and first-order momentum methods for both nonconvex mini-optimization and minimax-optimization. Specifically, we propose a new accelerated zeroth-order momentum (Acc-ZOM) method…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-01-19 Feihu Huang , Shangqian Gao , Jian Pei , Heng Huang

In the evolving landscape of natural language processing (NLP), fine-tuning pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) with first-order (FO) optimizers like SGD and Adam has become standard. Yet, as LLMs grow {in size}, the substantial memory…

Proximal gradient method has been playing an important role to solve many machine learning tasks, especially for the nonsmooth problems. However, in some machine learning problems such as the bandit model and the black-box learning problem,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-02-19 Feihu Huang , Bin Gu , Zhouyuan Huo , Songcan Chen , Heng Huang

This paper investigates the data-driven predictive control problems for a class of continuous-time industrial processes with completely unknown dynamics. The proposed approach employs the data-driven technique to get the system matrices…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-12-08 Yuanqiang Zhou , Dewei Li , Yugeng Xi

Recently, diffusion models have gained popularity and attention in trajectory optimization due to their capability of modeling multi-modal probability distributions. However, addressing nonlinear equality constraints, i.e, dynamic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Jushan Chen , Santiago Paternain

Two types of zeroth-order stochastic algorithms have recently been designed for nonconvex optimization respectively based on the first-order techniques SVRG and SARAH/SPIDER. This paper addresses several important issues that are still open…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Kaiyi Ji , Zhe Wang , Yi Zhou , Yingbin Liang

Zeroth-order optimization, which does not use derivative information, is one of the significant research areas in the field of mathematical optimization and machine learning. Although various studies have explored zeroth-order algorithms,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-07-16 Ryota Nozawa , Pierre-Louis Poirion , Akiko Takeda

This paper addresses constrained smooth saddle-point problems in settings where projection onto the feasible sets is computationally expensive. We bridge the gap between projection-based and projection-free optimization by introducing a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-02 Khanh-Hung Giang-Tran , Soroosh Shafiee , Nam Ho-Nguyen

We revisit the one-point feedback zeroth-order (ZO) optimization problem, a classical setting in derivative-free optimization where only a single noisy function evaluation is available per query. Compared to their two-point counterparts,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-08-19 Haishan Ye , Xiangyu Chang

Federated optimization, an emerging paradigm which finds wide real-world applications such as federated learning, enables multiple clients (e.g., edge devices) to collaboratively optimize a global function. The clients do not share their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Yao Shu , Xiaoqiang Lin , Zhongxiang Dai , Bryan Kian Hsiang Low

Zeroth-Order (ZO) optimization is pivotal for scenarios where backpropagation is unavailable, such as memory-constrained on-device learning and black-box optimization. However, existing methods face a stark trade-off: they are either…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Chen Liang , Xiatao Sun , Qian Wang , Daniel Rakita

The minimax excess risk optimization (MERO) problem is a new variation of the traditional distributionally robust optimization (DRO) problem, which achieves uniformly low regret across all test distributions under suitable conditions. In…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-08-23 Zhihao Gu , Zi Xu

This paper presents an implementation of robust model predictive control (MPC) for collision-free reference trajectory tracking for mobile robots. The presented approach considers the robot motion to be subject to process noise bounded by…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-03 Yunfan Gao , Florian Messerer , Jonathan Frey , Niels van Duijkeren , Moritz Diehl

Rank-based zeroth-order (ZO) optimization -- which relies only on the ordering of function evaluations -- offers strong robustness to noise and monotone transformations, and underlies many successful algorithms such as CMA-ES, natural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Haishan Ye

In this paper, we present a novel Newton-based extremum seeking controller for the solution of multivariable model-free optimization problems in static maps. Unlike existing asymptotic and fixed-time results in the literature, we present a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-12-25 Jorge I. Poveda , Miroslav Krstic

In this paper, we investigate a class of constrained saddle point (SP) problems where the objective function is nonconvex-concave and smooth. This class of problems has wide applicability in machine learning, including robust multi-class…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-11-02 Morteza Boroun , Erfan Yazdandoost Hamedani , Afrooz Jalilzadeh

We present new efficient \textit{projection-free} algorithms for online convex optimization (OCO), where by projection-free we refer to algorithms that avoid computing orthogonal projections onto the feasible set, and instead relay on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Dan Garber , Ben Kretzu

In this paper, we consider a formulation of nonlinear constrained optimization problems. We reformulate it as a time-varying optimization using continuous-time parametric functions and derive a dynamical system for tracking the optimal…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-06-11 Mohsen Amidzadeh