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Large language models (LLMs), both proprietary and open-source, have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various natural language processing tasks. However, they face significant limitations in legal reasoning tasks. Proprietary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Zhi Zhou , Kun-Yang Yu , Shi-Yu Tian , Xiao-Wen Yang , Jiang-Xin Shi , Pengxiao Song , Yi-Xuan Jin , Lan-Zhe Guo , Yu-Feng Li

ChatGPT and other state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) are rapidly transforming multiple fields, offering powerful tools for a wide range of applications. These models, commonly trained on vast datasets, exhibit human-like text…

Large Language Models (LLMs), like LLaMA, have exhibited remarkable performance across various tasks. Nevertheless, when deployed to specific domains such as law or medicine, the models still confront the challenge of a deficiency in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Quzhe Huang , Mingxu Tao , Chen Zhang , Zhenwei An , Cong Jiang , Zhibin Chen , Zirui Wu , Yansong Feng

The SemEval task on Argument Reasoning in Civil Procedure is challenging in that it requires understanding legal concepts and inferring complex arguments. Currently, most Large Language Models (LLM) excelling in the legal realm are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Odysseas S. Chlapanis , Ion Androutsopoulos , Dimitrios Galanis

While contemporary large language models (LLMs) are increasingly capable in isolation, there are still many difficult problems that lie beyond the abilities of a single LLM. For such tasks, there is still uncertainty about how best to take…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Ryan Liu , Dilip Arumugam , Cedegao E. Zhang , Sean Escola , Xaq Pitkow , Thomas L. Griffiths

We are currently unable to specify human goals and societal values in a way that reliably directs AI behavior. Law-making and legal interpretation form a computational engine that converts opaque human values into legible directives. "Law…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-05-17 John J. Nay

We speak of a \textit{computational law} when that law is intended to be enforced by software through an automated decision-making process. As digital technologies evolve to offer more solutions for public administrations, we see an…

Despite the availability of vast amounts of data, legal data is often unstructured, making it difficult even for law practitioners to ingest and comprehend the same. It is important to organise the legal information in a way that is useful…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Aniket Deroy , Naksatra Kumar Bailung , Kripabandhu Ghosh , Saptarshi Ghosh , Abhijnan Chakraborty

The rise of big data has amplified the need for efficient, user-friendly automated machine learning (AutoML) tools. However, the intricacy of understanding domain-specific data and defining prediction tasks necessitates human intervention…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Md Mahadi Hassan , Alex Knipper , Shubhra Kanti Karmaker Santu

Legal AI systems are increasingly being adopted by judicial and legal system deployers and providers worldwide to support a range of applications. While they offer potential benefits such as reducing bias, increasing efficiency, and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Gizem Gultekin-Varkonyi

The application of AI tools to the legal field feels natural: large legal document collections could be used with specialized AI to improve workflow efficiency for lawyers and ameliorate the "justice gap" for underserved clients. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Allison Koenecke , Jed Stiglitz , David Mimno , Matthew Wilkens

With the launch of ChatGPT, Large Language Models (LLMs) are shaking up our whole society, rapidly altering the way we think, create and live. For instance, the GPT integration in Bing has altered our approach to online searching. While…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Zihao Li

This chapter explores the application of Large Language Models in the legal domain, showcasing their potential to optimise and augment traditional legal tasks by analysing possible use cases, such as assisting in interpreting statutes,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Simone Corbo

Large Language Models (LLM) have become sophisticated enough that complex computer programs can be created through interpretation of plain English sentences and implemented in a variety of modern languages such as Python, Java Script, C++…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Simon Thorne

Legal Artificial Intelligence (LegalAI) focuses on applying the technology of artificial intelligence, especially natural language processing, to benefit tasks in the legal domain. In recent years, LegalAI has drawn increasing attention…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-19 Haoxi Zhong , Chaojun Xiao , Cunchao Tu , Tianyang Zhang , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Legal judgment prediction is essential for enhancing judicial efficiency. In this work, we identify that existing large language models (LLMs) underperform in this domain due to challenges in understanding case complexities and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Chenlong Deng , Kelong Mao , Yuyao Zhang , Zhicheng Dou

Encoding legislative text in a formal representation is an important prerequisite to different tasks in the field of AI & Law. For example, rule-based expert systems focused on legislation can support laypeople in understanding how…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Samyar Janatian , Hannes Westermann , Jinzhe Tan , Jaromir Savelka , Karim Benyekhlef

Legal practice requires careful adherence to procedural rules. In the United States, few are more complex than those found in The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation. Compliance with this system's 500+ pages of byzantine formatting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Matthew Dahl

Real-life agents seldom have unlimited reasoning power. In this paper, we propose and study a new formal notion of computationally bounded strategic ability in multi-agent systems. The notion characterizes the ability of a set of agents to…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Catalin Dima , Wojciech Jamroga

We present a new NLP task and dataset from the domain of the U.S. civil procedure. Each instance of the dataset consists of a general introduction to the case, a particular question, and a possible solution argument, accompanied by a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Leonard Bongard , Lena Held , Ivan Habernal