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Chatbots are conversational software applications designed to interact dialectically with users for a plethora of different purposes. Surprisingly, these colloquial agents have only recently been coupled with computational models of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Federico Castagna , Nadin Kokciyan , Isabel Sassoon , Simon Parsons , Elizabeth Sklar

The recent success of Large Language Models (LLMs) has sparked concerns about their potential to spread misinformation. As a result, there is a pressing need for tools to identify ``fake arguments'' generated by such models. To create these…

Large Language Models (LLMs) and chatbots show significant promise in streamlining the legal intake process. This advancement can greatly reduce the workload and costs for legal aid organizations, improving availability while making legal…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Nick Goodson , Rongfei Lu

Since real-world legal experiments are often costly or infeasible, simulating legal societies with Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems provides an effective alternative for verifying and developing legal theory, as well as supporting legal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Yiding Wang , Yuxuan Chen , Fanxu Meng , Xifan Chen , Xiaolei Yang , Muhan Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have precipitated a dramatic improvement in the legal domain, yet the deployment of standalone models faces significant limitations regarding hallucination, outdated information, and verifiability. Recently, LLM…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Shuang Liu , Ruijia Zhang , Ruoyun Ma , Yujia Deng , Lanyi Zhu , Jiayu Li , Zelong Li , Zhibin Shen , Mengnan Du

The costs and complexity of the American judicial system limit access to legal solutions for many Americans. Large language models (LLMs) hold great potential to improve access to justice. However, a major challenge in applying AI and LLMs…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Manuj Kant , Manav Kant , Marzieh Nabi , Preston Carlson , Megan Ma

Factors are a foundational component of legal analysis and computational models of legal reasoning. These factor-based representations enable lawyers, judges, and AI and Law researchers to reason about legal cases. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Morgan Gray , Jaromir Savelka , Wesley Oliver , Kevin Ashley

The rise of (multimodal) large language models (LLMs) has shed light on software agent -- where software can understand and follow user instructions in natural language. However, existing approaches such as API-based and GUI-based agents…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Mengwei Xu

Do large language models (LLMs) know the law? These models are increasingly being used to augment legal practice, education, and research, yet their revolutionary potential is threatened by the presence of hallucinations -- textual output…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Matthew Dahl , Varun Magesh , Mirac Suzgun , Daniel E. Ho

The language used by US courtroom actors in criminal trials has long been studied for biases. However, systematic studies for bias in high-stakes court trials have been difficult, due to the nuanced nature of bias and the legal expertise…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Andrea W Wen-Yi , Kathryn Adamson , Nathalie Greenfield , Rachel Goldberg , Sandra Babcock , David Mimno , Allison Koenecke

In domains requiring intelligent agents to emulate plausible human-like behaviour, such as formative simulations, traditional techniques like behaviour trees encounter significant challenges. Large Language Models (LLMs), despite not always…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Israel Puerta-Merino , Jordi Sabater-Mir

Generative AI models, such as the GPT and Llama series, have significant potential to assist laypeople in answering legal questions. However, little prior work focuses on the data sourcing, inference, and evaluation of these models in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Jonathan Li , Rohan Bhambhoria , Samuel Dahan , Xiaodan Zhu

Since the public release of ChatGPT in November 2022, the AI landscape is undergoing a rapid transformation. Currently, the use of AI chatbots by consumers has largely been limited to image generation or question-answering language models.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Christoph Busch

Large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT have received immense interest for their general-purpose language understanding and, in particular, their ability to generate high-quality text or computer code. For many professions, LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Simon Frieder , Julius Berner , Philipp Petersen , Thomas Lukasiewicz

An area presenting new opportunities for both legitimate business, as well as criminal organizations, is Cloud computing. This work gives a strong background in current digital forensic science, as well as a basic understanding of the goal…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2015-02-05 Joshua I. James , Yunsik Jang

If code is law, then the language of law is a programming language. Lawyers and legal scholars can learn about law by studying programming-language theory, and programming-language tools can be usefully applied to legal problems. This…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-07-01 James Grimmelmann

While most commentators have focused exclusively on how LLMs will transform day-to-day law practice, a substantial structural change could be afoot within the legal sector as a whole. Large increases in productivity and attendant cost…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Frank Fagan

Large Language Models (LLMs) enable a future in which certain types of legal documents may be generated automatically. This has a great potential to streamline legal processes, lower the cost of legal services, and dramatically increase…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Jakub Harasta , Tereza Novotná , Jaromir Savelka

The growing intersection of cybersecurity and law creates a complex information space where traditional legal research tools struggle to deal with nuanced connections between cases, statutes, and technical vulnerabilities. This knowledge…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Chiara Bonfanti , Alessandro Druetto , Cataldo Basile , Tharindu Ranasinghe , Marcos Zampieri

The term legal research generally refers to the process of identifying and retrieving appropriate information necessary to support legal decision making from past case records. At present, the process is mostly manual, but some traditional…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2012-11-09 Mohamed Firdhous