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Deep neural networks (DNN) have been deployed in many software systems to assist in various classification tasks. In company with the fantastic effectiveness in classification, DNNs could also exhibit incorrect behaviors and result in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-06-16 Yang Feng , Qingkai Shi , Xinyu Gao , Jun Wan , Chunrong Fang , Zhenyu Chen

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have been extensively used in many areas including image processing, medical diagnostics, and autonomous driving. However, DNNs can exhibit erroneous behaviours that may lead to critical errors, especially when…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-04-21 Zohreh Aghababaeyan , Manel Abdellatif , Lionel Briand , Ramesh S , Mojtaba Bagherzadeh

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are increasingly deployed in safety-critical applications including autonomous vehicles and medical diagnostics. To reduce the residual risk for unexpected DNN behaviour and provide evidence for their trustworthy…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-02-19 Hasan Ferit Eniser , Simos Gerasimou , Alper Sen

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been shown to outperform traditional machine learning algorithms in a broad variety of application domains due to their effectiveness in modeling complex problems and handling high-dimensional datasets. Many…

Deep Neural Networks (DNN) are typically tested for accuracy relying on a set of unlabelled real world data (operational dataset), from which a subset is selected, manually labelled and used as test suite. This subset is required to be…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Antonio Guerriero , Roberto Pietrantuono , Stefano Russo

Deep Neural Networks (DNN) are core components for classification and regression tasks of many software systems. Companies incur in high costs for testing DNN with datasets representative of the inputs expected in operation, as these need…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Antonio Guerriero , Roberto Pietrantuono , Stefano Russo

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are increasingly deployed across applications. However, ensuring their reliability remains a challenge, and in many situations, alternative models with similar functionality and accuracy are available.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Zohreh Aghababaeyan , Manel Abdellatif , Lionel Briand , Ramesh S

Deep Neural Networks~(DNNs) have been widely deployed in software to address various tasks~(e.g., autonomous driving, medical diagnosis). However, they could also produce incorrect behaviors that result in financial losses and even threaten…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Dong Huang , Qingwen Bu , Yichao Fu , Yuhao Qing , Bocheng Xiao , Heming Cui

The application of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) to a broad variety of tasks demands methods for coping with the complex and opaque nature of these architectures. When a gold standard is available, performance assessment treats the DNN as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-23 Piero Fraternali , Federico Milani , Rocio Nahime Torres , Niccolò Zangrando

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are becoming a crucial component of modern software systems, but they are prone to fail under conditions that are different from the ones observed during training (out-of-distribution inputs) or on inputs that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-11 Michael Weiss , André García Gómez , Paolo Tonella

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have shown to perform very well on large scale object recognition problems and lead to widespread use for real-world applications, including situations where DNN are implemented as "black boxes". A promising…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-01 Federica Granese , Marco Romanelli , Daniele Gorla , Catuscia Palamidessi , Pablo Piantanida

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are increasingly being adopted for sensing and control functions in a variety of safety and mission-critical systems such as self-driving cars, autonomous air vehicles, medical diagnostics, and industrial…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-01-15 Taejoon Byun , Vaibhav Sharma , Abhishek Vijayakumar , Sanjai Rayadurgam , Darren Cofer

Nonlinear methods such as Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are the gold standard for various challenging machine learning problems, e.g., image classification, natural language processing or human action recognition. Although these methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-15 Grégoire Montavon , Sebastian Bach , Alexander Binder , Wojciech Samek , Klaus-Robert Müller

Motivated by the success of traditional software testing, numerous diversity measures have been proposed for testing deep neural networks (DNNs). In this study, we propose a shift in perspective, advocating for the consideration of DNN…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Zi Wang , Jihye Choi , Ke Wang , Somesh Jha

The deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved great success in learning complex patterns with strong predictive power, but they are often thought of as "black box" models without a sufficient level of transparency and interpretability. It…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Agus Sudjianto , William Knauth , Rahul Singh , Zebin Yang , Aijun Zhang

Deep learning (DL) systems are increasingly deployed in safety- and security-critical domains including self-driving cars and malware detection, where the correctness and predictability of a system's behavior for corner case inputs are of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-09-26 Kexin Pei , Yinzhi Cao , Junfeng Yang , Suman Jana

Deep neural networks (DNNs) play a crucial role in the field of machine learning, demonstrating state-of-the-art performance across various application domains. However, despite their success, DNN-based models may occasionally exhibit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Guy Amir , Osher Maayan , Tom Zelazny , Guy Katz , Michael Schapira

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have been widely employed across various domains, including safety-critical systems, necessitating comprehensive testing to ensure their reliability. Although numerous DNN model testing methods have been proposed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Bin Duan , Matthew B. Dwyer , Guowei Yang

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have proven to be powerful predictors and are widely used for various tasks. Credible uncertainty estimation of their predictions, however, is crucial for their deployment in many risk-sensitive applications. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Ido Galil , Ran El-Yaniv

Deep Neural Networks (DNN) are increasingly used in a variety of applications, many of them with substantial safety and security concerns. This paper introduces DeepCheck, a new approach for validating DNNs based on core ideas from program…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-07-30 Divya Gopinath , Kaiyuan Wang , Mengshi Zhang , Corina S. Pasareanu , Sarfraz Khurshid
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