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Deep neural networks (DNNs) have demonstrated superior performance over classical machine learning to support many features in safety-critical systems. Although DNNs are now widely used in such systems (e.g., self driving cars), there is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Mohammed Oualid Attaoui , Hazem Fahmy , Fabrizio Pastore , Lionel Briand

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have received tremendous attention and achieved great success in various applications, such as image and video analysis, natural language processing, recommendation systems, and drug discovery. However, inherent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-21 Xujiang Zhao

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) do not inherently compute or exhibit empirically-justified task confidence. In mission critical applications, it is important to both understand associated DNN reasoning and its supporting evidence. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Paul Ardis , Arjuna Flenner

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), with its promising performance, are being increasingly used in safety critical applications such as autonomous driving, cancer detection, and secure authentication. With growing importance in deep learning,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Senthil Mani , Anush Sankaran , Srikanth Tamilselvam , Akshay Sethi

Deep neural networks (DNN) are black box algorithms. They are trained using a gradient descent back propagation technique which trains weights in each layer for the sole goal of minimizing training error. Hence, the resulting weights cannot…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-05 Daniel Goldfarb

Deep neural network (DNN) architecture based models have high expressive power and learning capacity. However, they are essentially a black box method since it is not easy to mathematically formulate the functions that are learned within…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-03-02 Gaurav Goswami , Nalini Ratha , Akshay Agarwal , Richa Singh , Mayank Vatsa

Not only are Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) black box models, but also we frequently conceptualize them as such. We lack good interpretations of the mechanisms linking inputs to outputs. Therefore, we find it difficult to analyze in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-29 Christopher Snyder , Sriram Vishwanath

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are the workhorses of deep learning, which constitutes the state of the art in numerous application domains. However, DNN-based decision rules are notoriously prone to poor generalization, i.e., may prove…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Guy Amir , Osher Maayan , Tom Zelazny , Guy Katz , Michael Schapira

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) face challenges during deployment due to covariate shift, i.e., data distribution shifts between development and deployment contexts. Fine-tuning adapts pre-trained models to new contexts requiring smaller…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Amin Abbasishahkoo , Mahboubeh Dadkhah , Lionel Briand , Dayi Lin

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have become key components of many safety-critical applications such as autonomous driving and medical diagnosis. However, DNNs have been shown suffering from poor robustness because of their susceptibility to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Wenjie Wan , Zhaodi Zhang , Yiwei Zhu , Min Zhang , Fu Song

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) achieve state-of-the-art performance on numerous applications. However, it is difficult to tell beforehand if a DNN receiving an input will deliver the correct output since their decision criteria are usually…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Julia Lust , Alexandru Paul Condurache

Deep learning methods have shown great promise in many practical applications, ranging from speech recognition, visual object recognition, to text processing. However, most of the current deep learning methods suffer from scalability…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-08-31 Yanping Huang , Sai Zhang

The use of Deep Learning hardware algorithms for embedded applications is characterized by challenges such as constraints on device power consumption, availability of labeled data, and limited internet bandwidth for frequent training on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Siqiao Ruan , Ian Colbert , Ken Kreutz-Delgado , Srinjoy Das

Nowadays, we are witnessing an increasing effort to improve the performance and trustworthiness of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), with the aim to enable their adoption in safety critical systems such as self-driving cars. Multiple testing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Houssem Ben Braiek , Foutse Khomh

The reliability of software that has a Deep Neural Network (DNN) as a component is urgently important today given the increasing number of critical applications being deployed with DNNs. The need for reliability raises a need for rigorous…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-01 Swaroopa Dola , Matthew B. Dwyer , Mary Lou Soffa

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have become one of the enabling technologies in many safety-critical applications, e.g., autonomous driving and medical image analysis. DNN systems, however, suffer from various kinds of threats, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-19 Yu Li , Min Li , Bo Luo , Ye Tian , Qiang Xu

Machine learning models have been successfully applied to a wide range of applications including computer vision, natural language processing, and speech recognition. A successful implementation of these models however, usually relies on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Arash Rahnama , Andrew Tseng

Theoretical understanding of deep learning is one of the most important tasks facing the statistics and machine learning communities. While deep neural networks (DNNs) originated as engineering methods and models of biological networks in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-06-04 Adam S. Charles

Deep learning as represented by the artificial deep neural networks (DNNs) has achieved great success in many important areas that deal with text, images, videos, graphs, and so on. However, the black-box nature of DNNs has become one of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Fenglei Fan , Jinjun Xiong , Mengzhou Li , Ge Wang

Deep learning has become increasingly popular in both supervised and unsupervised machine learning thanks to its outstanding empirical performance. However, because of their intrinsic complexity, most deep learning methods are largely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-07 Yang Young Lu , Yingying Fan , Jinchi Lv , William Stafford Noble