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We review the staircase algorithm to decompose the exponential of a generalized Pauli matrix and we propose two alternative recursive methods which offer more efficient quantum circuits. The first algorithm we propose, defined as the…

In this work we propose a novel numerical approach to decompose general quantum programs in terms of single- and two-qubit quantum gates with a $CNOT$ gate count very close to the current theoretical lower bounds. In particular, it turns…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-18 Péter Rakyta , Zoltán Zimborás

In the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era, two-qubit gates in quantum circuits are more susceptible to noise than single-qubit gates. Therefore, reducing the number of two-qubit gates is crucial for improving circuit efficiency and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-22 Kai Chen , Wen Liu , GuoSheng Xu , Yangzhi Li , Maoduo Li , Shouli He

Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computation (FTQC) permits parallel execution of mutually commuting Pauli Product Rotations (PPRs), but per-qubit access point/port limits (e.g. two X and two Z edges on the surface code) force commuting groups that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-25 Sayam Sethi , Devika Nambisan , Jonathan Mark Baker

In this paper, we explore multilevel circuit optimization (MLCO), where we deploy multiple gate sets and progressively lower the source circuit through the gate sets to the target circuit. At each level, we first perform an appropriate set…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-19 Tamiya Onodera , Yuki Sato , Toshinari Itoko , Naoki Yamamoto

In quantum computation every unitary operation can be decomposed into quantum circuits-a series of single-qubit rotations and a single type entangling two-qubit gates, such as controlled-NOT (CNOT) gates. Two measures are important when…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-03-07 Martin Plesch , Časlav Brukner

We present a differentiable joint pruning and quantization (DJPQ) scheme. We frame neural network compression as a joint gradient-based optimization problem, trading off between model pruning and quantization automatically for hardware…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Ying Wang , Yadong Lu , Tijmen Blankevoort

Quantum algorithms based on parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) have enabled a wide range of applications on near-term quantum devices. However, existing PQC architectures face several challenges, among which the ``barren plateaus"…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-09 Zhenyu Chen , Yuguo Shao , Zhengwei Liu , Zhaohui Wei

Optimizing quantum circuits by reducing circuit depth is essential for improving the efficiency and scalability of quantum algorithms, particularly as quantum hardware continues to evolve. This can be achieved by restructuring quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-07 Folkert de Ronde , Stephan Wong , Sebastian Feld

Quasiprobabilistic cutting techniques allow us to partition large quantum circuits into smaller subcircuits by replacing non-local gates with probabilistic mixtures of local gates. The cost of this method is a sampling overhead that scales…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-19 Lukas Schmitt , Christophe Piveteau , David Sutter

The decomposition of matrices associated to two-qubit and three-qubit orthogonal gates is studied, and based on the decomposition the synthesis of these gates is investigated. The optimal synthesis of general two-qubit orthogonal gate is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-03-06 Hai-Rui Wei , Yao-Min Di

We will present a few new generalizations of the multi-controlled X (MCX) gate that uses the quantum Fourier transform (QFT). Firstly, we will optimize QFT-MCX and prove that it is equivalent to a stair MCX gates array. This stair-wise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-21 Vladimir V. Arsoski

Full connectivity of qubits is necessary for most quantum algorithms, which is difficult to directly implement on Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum processors. However, inserting swap gate to enable the two-qubit gates between uncoupled…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-03 Bin-Han Lu , Yu-Chun Wu , Wei-Cheng Kong , Qi Zhou , Guo-Ping Guo

While all quantum algorithms can be expressed in terms of single-qubit and two-qubit gates, more expressive gate sets can help reduce the algorithmic depth. This is important in the presence of gate errors, especially those due to…

A quantum circuit may be strongly classically simulated with the aid of ZX-calculus by decomposing its $t$ T-gates into a sum of $2^{\alpha t}$ classically computable stabiliser terms. In this paper, we introduce a general procedure to find…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-13 Matthew Sutcliffe , Aleks Kissinger

A clever choice and design of gate sets can reduce the depth of a quantum circuit, and can improve the quality of the solution one obtains from a quantum algorithm. This is especially important for near-term quantum computers that suffer…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-08 Madhav Mohan , Julius de Hond , Servaas Kokkelmans

The Pauli strings appearing in the decomposition of an operator can be can be grouped into commuting families, reducing the number of quantum circuits needed to measure the expectation value of the operator. We detail an algorithm to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-31 Ben Reggio , Nouman Butt , Andrew Lytle , Patrick Draper

The most general structure (in matrix form) of a single-qubit gate is presented. Subsequently, used that to obtain a set of conditions for testing (a) whether a given 2-qubit gate is genuinely a 2-qubit gate, i.e., not decomposable into two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-02-22 Kishore Thapliyal , Anirban Pathak

A recurrence scheme is presented to decompose an $n$-qubit unitary gate to the product of no more than $N(N-1)/2$ single qubit gates with small number of controls, where $N = 2^n$. Detailed description of the recurrence steps and formulas…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-12-06 Chi-Kwong Li , Diane Pelejo

Parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) are a central component of many variational quantum algorithms, yet there is a lack of understanding of how their parameterization impacts algorithm performance. We initiate this discussion by using…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-24 Amara Katabarwa , Sukin Sim , Dax Enshan Koh , Pierre-Luc Dallaire-Demers