Related papers: The human factor: results of a small-angle scatter…

The spin-dependent cross sections for semi-inclusive lepton-nucleon scattering are derived in the framework of collinear factorization, including the effects of masses of the target and produced hadron at finite momentum transfer squared…

This paper develops an efficient numerical method for the inverse scattering problem of a time-harmonic plane wave incident on a perfectly reflecting random periodic structure. The method is based on a novel combination of the Monte Carlo…

Numerous analyses of reading time (RT) data have been implemented -- all in an effort to better understand the cognitive processes driving reading comprehension. However, data measured on words at the end of a sentence -- or even at the end…

Human bias is capable of changing the analysis of measured data sufficiently to alter the results of an experiment. It is incumbent upon modern experiments, especially those investigating quantities considered contentious in the broader…

Structures with heavy-tailed distributions of disorder occur widely in nature. The evolution of such systems, as in foraging for food or the occurrence of earthquakes is generally analyzed in terms of an incoherent series of events. But the…

Spread of information in crowd is analysed in terms of directed percolation in two-dimensional spatial network. We investigate the case when the information transmitted can be incomplete or damaged. The results indicate that for small or…

Random-effects meta-analyses of observational studies can produce biased estimates if the synthesized studies are subject to unmeasured confounding. We propose sensitivity analyses quantifying the extent to which unmeasured confounding of…

We use a model whose rules were inspired by population genetics, the random capability growth model, to describe the statistical details observed in experiments of fragmentation of brittle platelike objects, and in particular the existence…

To explore dense packings of soft colloids, scattering experiments are ideal to access the structure factor. However, for soft microgels determination of the structure factor is difficult because of the low contrast of the polymer network…

For testing the statistical significance of a treatment effect, we usually compare between two parts of a population, one is exposed to the treatment, and the other is not exposed to it. Standard parametric and nonparametric two-sample…

Mendelian randomization is the use of genetic variants to assess the existence of a causal relationship between a risk factor and an outcome of interest. Here, we focus on two-sample summary-data Mendelian randomization analyses with many…

A new parametrization of the multi-channel S-matrix is used to fit scattering data and then to locate the resonances as its poles. The S-matrix is written in terms of the corresponding "in" and "out" Jost matrices which are expanded in the…

Statistical thinking partially depends upon an iterative process by which essential features of a problem setting are identified and mapped onto an abstract model or archetype, and then translated back into the context of the original…

Many applications of electromagnetic scattering involve particles immersed in an absorbing rather than lossless medium, thereby making the conventional scattering theory potentially inapplicable. To analyze this issue quantitatively, we…

To make informed decisions in natural environments that change over time, humans must update their beliefs as new observations are gathered. Studies exploring human inference as a dynamical process that unfolds in time have focused on…

The description of complex human mobility patterns is at the core of many important applications ranging from urbanism and transportation to epidemics containment. Data about collective human movements, once scarce, has become widely…

"Wisdom of crowds" refers to the phenomenon that the average opinion of a group of individuals on a given question can be very close to the true answer. It requires a large group diversity of opinions, but the collective error, the…

This paper is concerned with the inverse acoustic scattering problem with phaseless total-field data at a fixed frequency. An approximate factorization method is developed to numerically reconstruct both the location and shape of the…

Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) parameters such as the effective scatterer diameter (ESD) reveal tissue properties by analyzing ultrasound backscattered echo signal. ESD can be attained through parametrizing backscatter coefficient using form…

Diffusion of electrons in a two-dimensional system with time-dependent random potentials is investigated numerically. In the absence of spin-orbit scattering, the conductivity shows universal weak localization correction. In the presence of…