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Reverse engineering of FPGA based designs from the flattened LUT level netlist to high level RTL helps in verification of the design or in understanding legacy designs. We focus on flattened netlists for FPGA devices from Xilinx 7 series…

Since hardware oftentimes serves as the root of trust in our modern interconnected world, malicious hardware manipulations constitute a ubiquitous threat in the context of the Internet of Things (IoT). Hardware reverse engineering is a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-02 Sebastian Wallat , Nils Albartus , Steffen Becker , Max Hoffmann , Maik Ender , Marc Fyrbiak , Adrian Drees , Sebastian Maaßen , Christof Paar

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are a widely used tool for modeling sequential data, yet they are often treated as inscrutable black boxes. Given a trained recurrent network, we would like to reverse engineer it--to obtain a quantitative,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-06 Niru Maheswaranathan , Alex Williams , Matthew D. Golub , Surya Ganguli , David Sussillo

Reverse-engineering bar charts extracts textual and numeric information from the visual representations of bar charts to support application scenarios that require the underlying information. In this paper, we propose a neural network-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-08 Fangfang Zhou , Yong Zhao , Wenjiang Chen , Yijing Tan , Yaqi Xu , Yi Chen , Chao Liu , Ying Zhao

Machine learning-based compact models provide a rapid and efficient approach for estimating device behavior across multiple input parameter variations. In this study, we introduce two reverse-design algorithms that utilize these compact…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Diego Ferrer , Jack Hutchins , Revanth Koduru , Sumeet Kumar Gupta , Admedullah Aziz

This study investigates the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), specifically GPT-4, in the context of Binary Reverse Engineering (RE). Employing a structured experimental approach, we analyzed the LLM's performance in interpreting…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Saman Pordanesh , Benjamin Tan

HAL is an open-source framework for gate-level netlist analysis, an integral step in hardware reverse engineering. It provides analysts with an interactive GUI, an extensible plugin system, and APIs in both C++ and Python for rapid…

Reverse engineering of a communications network is the process of identifying the communications protocol used in the network. This problem arises in various situations such as eavesdropping, intelligent jamming, cognitive radio, and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-04-19 Mehdi Teimouri , Hamidreza Kakaei Motlagh

Reverse engineering is a complex process essential to software-security tasks such as vulnerability discovery and malware analysis. Significant research and engineering effort has gone into developing tools to support reverse engineers.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-12-03 Daniel Votipka , Seth M. Rabin , Kristopher Micinski , Jeffrey S. Foster , Michelle L. Mazurek

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in various reasoning tasks, yet they often struggle with problems involving missing information, exhibiting issues such as incomplete responses, factual errors, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Yuxin Liu , Chaojie Gu , Yihang Zhang , Bin Qian , Shibo He

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in recent years, driving their adoption across a wide range of domains, including computer security. In reverse engineering, LLMs are increasingly applied to critical tasks such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Jun Yeon Won , Xin Jin , Shiqing Ma , Zhiqiang Lin

This PhD dissertation investigates garbage-free reversible computing systems from abstract design to physical gate-level implementation. Designed in reversible logic, we propose a ripple-block carry adder and work towards a reversible…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-09-22 Michael Kirkedal Thomsen

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in code generation, they often struggle with the deep, long-horizon reasoning required for complex software engineering. We attribute this limitation to the nature of…

Since underlying hardware components form the basis of trust in virtually any computing system, security failures in hardware pose a devastating threat to our daily lives. Hardware reverse engineering is commonly employed by security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-02 Carina Wiesen , Steffen Becker , Marc Fyrbiak , Nils Albartus , Malte Elson , Nikol Rummel , Christof Paar

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly benefited from training on diverse, high-quality task-specific data, leading to impressive performance across a range of downstream applications. Current methods often rely on human-annotated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Qintong Li , Jiahui Gao , Sheng Wang , Renjie Pi , Xueliang Zhao , Chuan Wu , Xin Jiang , Zhenguo Li , Lingpeng Kong

Neural language models are increasingly deployed into APIs and websites that allow a user to pass in a prompt and receive generated text. Many of these systems do not reveal generation parameters. In this paper, we present methods to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Daphne Ippolito , Nicholas Carlini , Katherine Lee , Milad Nasr , Yun William Yu

Computer-Aided Design (CAD) models are typically constructed by sequentially drawing parametric sketches and applying CAD operations to obtain a 3D model. The problem of 3D CAD reverse engineering consists of reconstructing the sketch and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Danila Rukhovich , Elona Dupont , Dimitrios Mallis , Kseniya Cherenkova , Anis Kacem , Djamila Aouada

This paper investigates the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) and natural language prompts to generate hardware description code, namely Verilog. Building on our prior work, we employ OpenAI's ChatGPT4 and natural language prompts to…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Paola Vitolo , George Psaltakis , Michael Tomlinson , Gian Domenico Licciardo , Andreas G. Andreou

Reverse Engineering (RE) is central to software security, enabling tasks such as vulnerability discovery and malware analysis, but it remains labor-intensive and requires substantial expertise. Earlier advances in deep learning start to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Xinyu Hu , Zhiwei Fu , Shaocong Xie , Steven H. H. Ding , Philippe Charland

High-level synthesis (HLS) transforms an algorithmic description of hardware from a higher abstraction (e.g., C/C++) into a register-transfer level (RTL) design, offering reduced development time and greater flexibility in design space…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Xiaofeng Zhou , Linfeng Du , Guangyu Hu , Sharad Sinha , Hongce Zhang , Wei Zhang
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