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Quantization is an effective technique to reduce memory footprint, inference latency, and power consumption of deep learning models. However, existing quantization methods suffer from accuracy degradation compared to full-precision (FP)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Zheng Wang , Juncheng B Li , Shuhui Qu , Florian Metze , Emma Strubell

Post Training Quantization (PTQ) is widely adopted due to its high compression capacity and speed with minimal impact on accuracy. However, we observed that disparate impacts are exacerbated by quantization, especially for minority groups.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Abhimanyu Bellam , Jung-Eun Kim

Quantization of the weights and activations is one of the main methods to reduce the computational footprint of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) training. Current methods enable 4-bit quantization of the forward phase. However, this constitutes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Brian Chmiel , Ron Banner , Elad Hoffer , Hilla Ben Yaacov , Daniel Soudry

Learning convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with low bitwidth is challenging because performance may drop significantly after quantization. Prior arts often discretize the network weights by carefully tuning hyper-parameters of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Chaofan Tao , Rui Lin , Quan Chen , Zhaoyang Zhang , Ping Luo , Ngai Wong

Quantization techniques applied to the inference of deep neural networks have enabled fast and efficient execution on resource-constraint devices. The success of quantization during inference has motivated the academic community to explore…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Marios Fournarakis , Markus Nagel

Gradient-based meta-learning and hyperparameter optimization have seen significant progress recently, enabling practical end-to-end training of neural networks together with many hyperparameters. Nevertheless, existing approaches are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Ondrej Bohdal , Yongxin Yang , Timothy Hospedales

Although existing Quantization-Aware Training (QAT) methods intensively depend on knowledge distillation to guarantee performance, QAT still suffers from severe performance drop. The experiments have shown that vanilla quantization is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Junbiao Pang , Tianyang Cai , Baochang Zhang , Jiaqi Wu

Graph Neural Network (GNN) training and inference involve significant challenges of scalability with respect to both model sizes and number of layers, resulting in degradation of efficiency and accuracy for large and deep GNNs. We present…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Shuang Wang , Bahaeddin Eravci , Rustam Guliyev , Hakan Ferhatosmanoglu

This study explores the quantisation-aware training (QAT) on time series Transformer models. We propose a novel adaptive quantisation scheme that dynamically selects between symmetric and asymmetric schemes during the QAT phase. Our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Tianheng Ling , Chao Qian , Lukas Einhaus , Gregor Schiele

Quantization-aware training (QAT) is a leading technique for improving the accuracy of quantized neural networks. Previous work has shown that decomposing training into a full-precision (FP) phase followed by a QAT phase yields superior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Aleksandr Dremov , David Grangier , Angelos Katharopoulos , Awni Hannun

Quantizing the activation, weight, and gradient to 4-bit is promising to accelerate neural network training. However, existing 4-bit training methods require custom numerical formats which are not supported by contemporary hardware. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-26 Haocheng Xi , Changhao Li , Jianfei Chen , Jun Zhu

Transfer learning has become a popular task adaptation method in the era of foundation models. However, many foundation models require large storage and computing resources, which makes off-the-shelf deployment impractical. Post-training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Jung Hwan Heo , Seyedarmin Azizi , Arash Fayyazi , Massoud Pedram

Recently low-bit (e.g., 8-bit) network quantization has been extensively studied to accelerate the inference. Besides inference, low-bit training with quantized gradients can further bring more considerable acceleration, since the backward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-01 Feng Zhu , Ruihao Gong , Fengwei Yu , Xianglong Liu , Yanfei Wang , Zhelong Li , Xiuqi Yang , Junjie Yan

Parallel implementations of stochastic gradient descent (SGD) have received significant research attention, thanks to excellent scalability properties of this algorithm, and to its efficiency in the context of training deep neural networks.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-12-07 Dan Alistarh , Demjan Grubic , Jerry Li , Ryota Tomioka , Milan Vojnovic

With the rapid increase in the size of neural networks, model compression has become an important area of research. Quantization is an effective technique at decreasing the model size, memory access, and compute load of large models.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-26 David Qiu , David Rim , Shaojin Ding , Oleg Rybakov , Yanzhang He

The quantized neural networks (QNNs) can be useful for neural network acceleration and compression, but during the training process they pose a challenge: how to propagate the gradient of loss function through the graph flow with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-26 Jun Chen , Yong Liu , Hao Zhang , Shengnan Hou , Jian Yang

Model quantization is a widely used technique to compress and accelerate deep neural network (DNN) inference, especially when deploying to edge or IoT devices with limited computation capacity and power consumption budget. The uniform bit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-27 Tao Wang , Junsong Wang , Chang Xu , Chao Xue

We tackle the problem of producing compact models, maximizing their accuracy for a given model size. A standard solution is to train networks with Quantization Aware Training, where the weights are quantized during training and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Angela Fan , Pierre Stock , Benjamin Graham , Edouard Grave , Remi Gribonval , Herve Jegou , Armand Joulin

The problem how to speed up the convolution computations in Deep Neural Networks is widely investigated in recent years. The Winograd convolution algorithm is a common used method that significantly reduces time consumption. However, it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-24 Barbara Barabasz

Distributed training enables large-scale deep learning, but suffers from high communication overhead, especially as models and datasets grow. Gradient compression, particularly quantization, is a promising approach to mitigate this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Jihao Xin , Marco Canini , Peter Richtárik , Samuel Horváth