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Pre-trained code models rely heavily on high-quality pre-training data, particularly human-written reference comments that bridge code and natural language. However, these comments often become outdated as software evolves, degrading model…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Kang Yang , Xinjun Mao , Shangwen Wang , Yanlin Wang , Tanghaoran Zhang , Bo Lin , Yihao Qin , Zhang Zhang , Yao Lu , Kamal Al-Sabahi

AI-based code review tools automatically review and comment on pull requests to improve code quality. Despite their growing presence, little is known about their actual impact. We present a large-scale empirical study of 16 popular AI-based…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Kexin Sun , Hongyu Kuang , Sebastian Baltes , Xin Zhou , He Zhang , Xiaoxing Ma , Guoping Rong , Dong Shao , Christoph Treude

When changing code, developers sometimes neglect updating the related comments, bringing inconsistent or outdated comments. These comments increase the cost of program understanding and greatly reduce software maintainability. Researchers…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Hongquan Zhu , Xincheng He , Lei Xu

Automatic article commenting is helpful in encouraging user engagement and interaction on online news platforms. However, the news documents are usually too long for traditional encoder-decoder based models, which often results in general…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-05 Wei Li , Jingjing Xu , Yancheng He , Shengli Yan , Yunfang Wu , Xu sun

The ability to generate natural language sequences from source code snippets has a variety of applications such as code summarization, documentation, and retrieval. Sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) models, adopted from neural machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-22 Uri Alon , Shaked Brody , Omer Levy , Eran Yahav

Background: Modern Code Review (MCR) is a key component for delivering high-quality software and sharing knowledge among developers. Effective reviews require an in-depth understanding of the code and demand from the reviewers to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Michael Unterkalmsteiner , Deepika Badampudi , Ricardo Britto , Nauman bin Ali

Developers increasingly rely on text matching tools to analyze the relation between natural language words and APIs. However, semantic gaps, namely textual mismatches between words and APIs, negatively affect these tools. Previous studies…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-10-24 Xiaochen Li , He Jiang , Yasutaka Kamei , Xin Chen

Understanding the correct API usage sequences is one of the most important tasks for programmers when they work with unfamiliar libraries. However, programmers often encounter obstacles to finding the appropriate information due to either…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-05-04 James Martin , Jin L. C. Guo

Context: Code reviews are essential for maintaining software quality, yet many human review comments suffer from issues such as redundancy, vagueness, or lack of constructiveness. These types of comments may slow down feedback and obscure…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Semih Çağlar , Şükrü Eren Gökırmak , Eray Tüzün

Utilizing pre-existing software artifacts, such as libraries and Application Programming Interfaces (APIs), is crucial for software development efficiency. However, the abundance of artifacts that provide similar functionality can lead to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Kisub Kim , Ferdian Thung , Ting Zhang , Ivana Clairine Irsan , Ratnadira Widyasari , Zhou Yang , David Lo

Code review is a cornerstone of software quality assurance, and recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in its automation. However, existing benchmarks for LLM-based code review face three major limitations. Lack…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Ruida Hu , Xinchen Wang , Xin-Cheng Wen , Zhao Zhang , Bo Jiang , Pengfei Gao , Chao Peng , Cuiyun Gao

Code comments are the primary means to document implementation and facilitate program comprehension. Thus, their quality should be a primary concern to improve program maintenance. While much effort has been dedicated to detecting bad…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-08-26 Arianna Blasi , Nataliia Stulova , Alessandra Gorla , Oscar Nierstrasz

Existing leading code comment generation approaches with the structure-to-sequence framework ignores the type information of the interpretation of the code, e.g., operator, string, etc. However, introducing the type information into the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-07 Ruichu Cai , Zhihao Liang , Boyan Xu , Zijian Li , Yuexing Hao , Yao Chen

During code reviews, an essential step in software quality assurance, reviewers have the difficult task of understanding and evaluating code changes to validate their quality and prevent introducing faults to the codebase. This is a tedious…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Doriane Olewicki , Sarra Habchi , Bram Adams

As code generation becomes increasingly central to improving software development efficiency, modern code models are largely trained and evaluated on code with natural-language descriptions. In real projects, developers often implement…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Chen Liu , Qingyuan Liang , Hanwen Zhang , Zeyu Sun , Yakun Zhang , Lu Zhang

Commit messages record code changes (e.g., feature modifications and bug repairs) in natural language, and are useful for program comprehension. Due to the frequent updates of software and time cost, developers are generally unmotivated to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-11-12 Shangqing Liu , Cuiyun Gao , Sen Chen , Lun Yiu Nie , Yang Liu

This paper studied generating natural languages at particular contexts or situations. We proposed two novel approaches which encode the contexts into a continuous semantic representation and then decode the semantic representation into text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-12-01 Jian Tang , Yifan Yang , Sam Carton , Ming Zhang , Qiaozhu Mei

Code reviews are popular in both industrial and open source projects. The benefits of code reviews are widely recognized and include better code quality and lower likelihood of introducing bugs. However, since code review is a manual…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-05-20 Rosalia Tufano , Luca Pascarella , Michele Tufano , Denys Poshyvanyk , Gabriele Bavota

There is a key demand to automatically generate code for small tasks for developers. Websites such as StackOverflow provide a simplistic way by offering solutions in small snippets which provide a complete answer to whatever task question…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Sairamvinay Vijayaraghavan , Jinxiao Song , David Tomassi , Siddhartha Punj , Jailan Sabet

Issue reports have been recognized to contain rich information for retrieval-augmented code comment generation. However, how to minimize hallucinations in the generated comments remains significant challenges. In this paper, we propose…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Yanzhen Zou , Xianlin Zhao , Xinglu Pan , Bing Xie