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Large language models (LLMs) are systematically overconfident: they routinely express high certainty on questions they often answer incorrectly. Existing calibration methods either require labeled validation data, degrade under distribution…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Mohamed Rissal Hedna , Jan Strich , Martin Semmann , Chris Biemann

In this study, we present a novel and challenging multilabel Vietnamese dataset (RMDM) designed to assess the performance of large language models (LLMs), in verifying electronic information related to legal contexts, focusing on fake news…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Hai-Long Nguyen , Thi-Kieu-Trang Pham , Thai-Son Le , Tan-Minh Nguyen , Thi-Hai-Yen Vuong , Ha-Thanh Nguyen

Sign languages are used as a primary language by approximately 70 million D/deaf people world-wide. However, most communication technologies operate in spoken and written languages, creating inequities in access. To help tackle this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Aashaka Desai , Lauren Berger , Fyodor O. Minakov , Vanessa Milan , Chinmay Singh , Kriston Pumphrey , Richard E. Ladner , Hal Daumé , Alex X. Lu , Naomi Caselli , Danielle Bragg

Discriminatory gender biases have been found in Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) for multiple languages. In Natural Language Inference (NLI), existing bias evaluation methods have focused on the prediction results of one specific label…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Panatchakorn Anantaprayoon , Masahiro Kaneko , Naoaki Okazaki

Lexical simplification (LS) is the task of automatically replacing complex words for easier ones making texts more accessible to various target populations (e.g. individuals with low literacy, individuals with learning disabilities, second…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Kai North , Marcos Zampieri , Tharindu Ranasinghe

While generative multilingual models are rapidly being deployed, their safety and fairness evaluations are largely limited to resources collected in English. This is especially problematic for evaluations targeting inherently socio-cultural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Mukul Bhutani , Kevin Robinson , Vinodkumar Prabhakaran , Shachi Dave , Sunipa Dev

Pretrained language models (PLMs) for data-to-text (D2T) generation can use human-readable data labels such as column headings, keys, or relation names to generalize to out-of-domain examples. However, the models are well-known in producing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Zdeněk Kasner , Ioannis Konstas , Ondřej Dušek

Multi-Source cross-lingual transfer learning deals with the transfer of task knowledge from multiple labelled source languages to an unlabeled target language under the language shift. Existing methods typically focus on weighting the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Ling Ge , Chunming Hu , Guanghui Ma , Jihong Liu , Hong Zhang

Recognizing semantic differences across documents is crucial for text generation evaluation and content alignment, especially in cross-lingual settings. However, as a standalone task, it has received little attention. We address this by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Michelle Wastl , Jannis Vamvas , Rico Sennrich

Lexical Simplification (LS) automatically replaces difficult to read words for easier alternatives while preserving a sentence's original meaning. LS is a precursor to Text Simplification with the aim of improving text accessibility to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Kai North , Tharindu Ranasinghe , Matthew Shardlow , Marcos Zampieri

Knowing the language of an input text/audio is a necessary first step for using almost every NLP tool such as taggers, parsers, or translation systems. Language identification is a well-studied problem, sometimes even considered solved; in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Milind Agarwal , Md Mahfuz Ibn Alam , Antonios Anastasopoulos

We are 600 million Spanish speakers. We launched the #Somos600M Project because the diversity of the languages from LATAM, the Caribbean and Spain needs to be represented in Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems. Despite being the 7.5% of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-26 María Grandury

Human label variation arises when annotators assign different labels to the same item for valid reasons, while annotation errors occur when labels are assigned for invalid reasons. These two issues are prevalent in NLP benchmarks, yet…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Leon Weber-Genzel , Siyao Peng , Marie-Catherine de Marneffe , Barbara Plank

Hate speech detection is a challenging problem with most of the datasets available in only one language: English. In this paper, we conduct a large scale analysis of multilingual hate speech in 9 languages from 16 different sources. We…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-12-10 Sai Saketh Aluru , Binny Mathew , Punyajoy Saha , Animesh Mukherjee

The diversity of human language, shaped by social, cultural, and regional influences, presents significant challenges for natural language processing (NLP) systems. Existing benchmarks often overlook intra-language variations, leaving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Abhay Gupta , Jacob Cheung , Philip Meng , Shayan Sayyed , Austen Liao , Kevin Zhu , Sean O'Brien

Sequence labeling (SL) is a fundamental research problem encompassing a variety of tasks, e.g., part-of-speech (POS) tagging, named entity recognition (NER), text chunking, etc. Though prevalent and effective in many downstream applications…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-16 Zhiyong He , Zanbo Wang , Wei Wei , Shanshan Feng , Xianling Mao , Sheng Jiang

Sign languages are the language of hearing-impaired people who use visuals like the hand, facial, and body movements for communication. There are different signs and gestures representing alphabets, words, and phrases. Nowadays…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Sharvani Srivastava , Sudhakar Singh , Pooja , Shiv Prakash

There is a lack of research into capabilities of recent LLMs to generate convincing text in languages other than English and into performance of detectors of machine-generated text in multilingual settings. This is also reflected in the…

Identifying offensive language is essential for maintaining safety and sustainability in the social media era. Though large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated encouraging potential in social media analytics, they lack thorough…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Jianfei He , Lilin Wang , Jiaying Wang , Zhenyu Liu , Hongbin Na , Zimu Wang , Wei Wang , Qi Chen

Human label variation, or annotation disagreement, exists in many natural language processing (NLP) tasks, including natural language inference (NLI). To gain direct evidence of how NLI label variation arises, we build LiveNLI, an English…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Nan-Jiang Jiang , Chenhao Tan , Marie-Catherine de Marneffe