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The rapid advancement of quantum hardware calls for the development of reliable methods to certify its correct functioning. However, existing certification tests often fall short: they either rely on flawless state preparation and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-16 Jan Nöller , Nikolai Miklin , Martin Kliesch , Mariami Gachechiladze

Simulating quantum circuits using classical computers lets us analyse the inner workings of quantum algorithms. The most complete type of simulation, strong simulation, is believed to be generally inefficient. Nevertheless, several…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-02-25 T. H. Johnson , J. D. Biamonte , S. R. Clark , D. Jaksch

In this paper, we propose Proq, a runtime assertion scheme for testing and debugging quantum programs on a quantum computer. The predicates in Proq are represented by projections (or equivalently, closed subspaces of the state space),…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-06-02 Gushu Li , Li Zhou , Nengkun Yu , Yufei Ding , Mingsheng Ying , Yuan Xie

A new method for quantum computation in the presence of detected spontaneous emission is proposed. The method combines strong and fast (dynamical decoupling) pulses and a quantum error correcting code that encodes $n$ logical qubits into…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 K. Khodjasteh , D. A. Lidar

Construction of a fault-tolerant quantum computer remains a challenging problem due to unavoidable noise in quantum states and the fragility of quantum entanglement. However, most of the error-correcting codes increases the complexity of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-28 Kumar Nilesh , Piyush Joshi , Prasanta Panigrahi

The ability to efficiently simulate random quantum circuits using a classical computer is increasingly important for developing Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum devices. Here we present a tensor network states based algorithm specifically…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-24 Chu Guo , Youwei Zhao , He-Liang Huang

Current methods for verifying quantum computers are predominately based on interactive or automatic theorem provers. Considering that quantum computers are dynamical in nature, this paper employs and extends the concepts from the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-15 Marco Lewis , Sadegh Soudjani , Paolo Zuliani

To realize reliable quantum software, techniques to automatically ensure the quantum software's correctness have recently been investigated. However, they primarily focus on fixed quantum circuits rather than the procedure of building…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-03 Masaomi Yamaguchi , Nobukazu Yoshioka

Designing quantum processors is a complex task that demands advanced verification methods to ensure their correct functionality. However, traditional methods of comprehensively verifying quantum devices, such as quantum process tomography,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-04 Keren Li , Peng Yan , Hanru Jiang , Nengkun Yu

In this talk, we will describe a framework for assertion-based verification (ABV) of quantum circuits by applying model checking techniques for quantum systems developed in our previous work, in which: (i) Noiseless and noisy quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-26 Mingsheng Ying

The generation of random numbers is a task of paramount importance in modern science. A central problem for both classical and quantum randomness generation is to estimate the entropy of the data generated by a given device. Here we present…

This demo presents the implementation and usage details of GASSERT, the first tool to automatically improve assertion oracles. Assertion oracles are executable boolean expressions placed inside the program that should pass (return true) for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-05 Valerio Terragni , Gunel Jahangirova , Paolo Tonella , Mauro Pezzè

Quantum algorithms for scientific computing require modules implementing fundamental functions, such as the square root, the logarithm, and others. We require algorithms that have a well-controlled numerical error, that are uniformly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-02-02 Mihir K. Bhaskar , Stuart Hadfield , Anargyros Papageorgiou , Iasonas Petras

Dynamic quantum circuits incorporate mid-circuit measurements and feed-forward operations originally intended to realize Quantum Error Correction. This paradigm has recently been utilized to prepare certain states and long-range entangling…

Quantum error correction (QEC) is fundamental for suppressing noise in quantum hardware and enabling fault-tolerant quantum computation. In this paper, we propose an efficient verification framework for QEC programs. We define an assertion…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Qifan Huang , Li Zhou , Wang Fang , Mengyu Zhao , Mingsheng Ying

Assertions are widely used for functional validation as well as coverage analysis for both software and hardware designs. Assertions enable runtime error detection as well as faster localization of errors. While there is a vast literature…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-01-22 Yangdi Lyu , Prabhat Mishra

The efficient and reliable certification of quantum states is essential for various quantum information processing tasks as well as for the general progress on the implementation of quantum technologies. In the last few years several…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-10 Xiao-Dong Yu , Jiangwei Shang , Otfried Gühne

To ensure resilience against the unavoidable noise in quantum computers, quantum information needs to be encoded using an error-correcting code, and circuits must have a particular structure to be fault-tolerant. Compilation of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-13 Ludwig Schmid , Tom Peham , Lucas Berent , Markus Müller , Robert Wille

Grover's algorithm, a well-know quantum search algorithm, allows one to find the correct item in a database, with quadratic speedup. In this paper we adapt Grover's algorithm to the problem of finding a correct answer to a natural language…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-28 A. D. Correia , M. Moortgat , H. T. C. Stoof

Since simulating quantum computers requires exponentially more classical resources, efficient algorithms are extremely helpful. We analyze algorithms that create single qubit and specific controlled qubit matrix representations of gates.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Eric Hsu