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We propose a groundbreaking random number generator that achieves truly uniform, independent, and identically distributed (IID) randomness by integrating Quantum Permutation Pads (QPP) with system jitter--derived entropy, herein called…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Randy Kuang , Dafu Lou

Quantum Key Distribution(QKD) thrives to achieve perfect secrecy of One time Pad (OTP) through quantum processes. One of the crucial components of QKD are Quantum Random Number Generators(QRNG) for generation of keys. Unfortunately, these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Arun Mishra , Kanaka Raju Pandiri , Anupama Arjun Pandit , Lucy Sharma

We propose and experimentally demonstrate the \emph{Quasi-Superposition Quantum-inspired System (QSQS)} -- a conceptual quantum system for randomness generation built on measuring two conjugate observables of a permutation sorting process:…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-06 Randy Kuang

As a fundamental phenomenon in nature, randomness has a wide range of applications in the fields of science and engineering. Among different types of random number generators (RNG), quantum random number generator (QRNG) is a kind of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-19 Bingjie Xu , Ziyang Chen , Zhengyu Li , Jie Yang , Qi Su , Wei Huang , Yichen Zhang , Hong Guo

Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) produce true random numbers, which are guaranteed by the fundamental principles of quantum physics. Miniaturization of QRNGs is crucial for a wide range of communication and cryptography…

Emerging communication and cryptography applications call for reliable, fast, unpredictable random number generators. Quantum random number generation (QRNG) allows for the creation of truly unpredictable numbers thanks to the inherent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-28 Cedric Bruynsteen , Tobias Gehring , Cosmo Lupo , Johan Bauwelinck , Xin Yin

Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) produce random numbers based on the intrinsic probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics, making them true random number generators (TRNGs). In this paper, we design and fabricate an embedded QRNG…

For globally connected devices like smart phones, personal computers and Internet-of-things devices, the ability to generate random numbers is essential for execution of cryptographic protocols responsible for information security.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-25 Mario Stipčević , Ivan Michel Antolović , Claudio Bruschini , Edoardo Charbon

Random number generators (RNG) are essential elements in many cryptographic systems. True random number generators (TRNG) rely upon sources of randomness from natural processes such as those arising from quantum mechanics phenomena. We…

Quantum Random Number Generators (QRNGs) emerged as a promising solution for generating truly random numbers. In the present article, we give an overview of QRNGs highlighting the merits and demerits of various strategies briefly. Then…

Random numbers are an essential resource to many applications, including cryptography and Monte Carlo simulations. Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) represent the ultimate source of randomness, as the numbers are obtained by sampling…

The advantages of quantum random number generators (QRNGs) over pseudo-random number generators (PRNGs) are normally attributed to the nature of quantum measurements. This is often seen as implying the superiority of the sequences of bits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-04 Alastair A. Abbott , Cristian S. Calude , Michael J. Dinneen , Nan Huang

Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) promise perfectly unpredictable random numbers. However, the security certification of the random numbers in form of a stochastic model often introduces assumptions that are either hardly justified…

The security of electronic devices has become a key requisite for the rapidly-expanding pervasive and hyper-connected world. Robust security protocols ensuring secure communication, device's resilience to attacks, authentication control and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-15 Francesco Regazzoni , Emna Amri , Samuel Burri , Davide Rusca , Hugo Zbinden , Edoardo Charbon

Quantum physics can be exploited to generate true random numbers, which play important roles in many applications, especially in cryptography. Genuine randomness from the measurement of a quantum system reveals the inherent nature of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-29 Xiongfeng Ma , Xiao Yuan , Zhu Cao , Bing Qi , Zhen Zhang

Random numbers are essential for our modern information based society e.g. in cryptography. Unlike frequently used pseudo-random generators, physical random number generators do not depend on complex algorithms but rather on a physical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-11 Mario Stipčević , Rupert Ursin

High quality random numbers are necessary in the modern world. Ranging from encryption keys in cyber security to models and simulations for scientific use: it's important that these random numbers are of high quality and quickly attainable.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Dmitriy Beznosko , Keith Driscoll , Fernando Guadarrama , Steven Mai , Nikolas Thornton

We present a fully digital framework that replicates the statistical behavior of coherent-state quantum random number generation (QRNG) by harnessing system timing jitter through random permutation processes. Our approach transforms…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-15 Randy Kuang

Quality randomness is fundamental to cryptographic operations but on embedded systems good sources are (seemingly) hard to find. Rather than use expensive custom hardware, our ERHARD-RNG Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) utilizes…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Jacob Grycel , Robert J. Walls

We discuss the current state of the art of Quantum Random Number Generators (QRNG) and their possible applications in the search for quantum advantages. To this aim, we first discuss a possible way of benchmarking QRNG by applying them to…

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