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The generation of random numbers is a task of paramount importance in modern science. A central problem for both classical and quantum randomness generation is to estimate the entropy of the data generated by a given device. Here we present…

Randomness plays a vital role in numerous applications, including simulation, cryptography, distributed systems, and gaming. Consequently, extensive research has been conducted to generate randomness. One such method is to design a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Pham Nhat Minh , Khuong Nguyen-An

We present a new version of TRQS package for Mathematica computing system. The package allows harnessing quantum random number generators (QRNG) for investigating the statistical properties of quantum states. It implements a number of…

Computational Physics · Physics 2012-10-15 J. A. Miszczak

We develop a fundamental framework for the quantum mechanics of stochastic systems (QMSS), showing that classical discrete stochastic processes emerge naturally as perturbations of the quantum harmonic oscillator (QHO). By constructing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-30 Yurang , Kuang

A TPM (trusted platform module) is a chip present mostly on newer motherboards, and its primary function is to create, store and work with cryptographic keys. This dedicated chip can serve to authenticate other devices or to protect…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2010-08-16 Alin Suciu , Tudor Carean

A novel Mathematical Random Number Generator (MRNG) is presented here. In this case, "mathematical" refers to the fact that to construct that generator it is not necessary to resort to a physical phenomenon, such as the thermal noise of an…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2012-11-22 Osvaldo Skliar , Ricardo E. Monge , Sherry Gapper , Guillermo Oviedo

Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) harness the intrinsic randomness in measurement processes: the measurement outputs are truly random given the input state is a superposition of the eigenstates of the measurement operators. In the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-29 Bing Qi

We show how to construct pseudorandom permutations (PRPs) that remain secure even if the adversary can query the permutation, both in the forward and reverse directions, on a quantum superposition of inputs. Such quantum-secure PRPs have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Mark Zhandry

Langevin Dynamics, Monte Carlo, and all-atom Molecular Dynamics simulations in implicit solvent, widely used to access the microscopic transitions in biomolecules, require a reliable source of random numbers. Here we present the two main…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2010-03-05 A. Zhmurov , K. Rybnikov , Y. Kholodov , V. Barsegov

We introduce the pseudorandom quantum authentication scheme (PQAS), an efficient method for encrypting quantum states that relies solely on the existence of pseudorandom unitaries (PRUs). The scheme guarantees that for any eavesdropper with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-03 Tobias Haug , Nikhil Bansal , Wai-Keong Mok , Dax Enshan Koh , Kishor Bharti

A quantum code is a subspace of a Hilbert space of a physical system chosen to be correctable against a given class of errors, where information can be encoded. Ideally, the quantum code lies within the ground space of the physical system.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-16 Yingkai Ouyang

Designing a pseudorandom number generator (PRNG) is a difficult and complex task. Many recent works have considered chaotic functions as the basis of built PRNGs: the quality of the output would indeed be an obvious consequence of some…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-03-08 Sylvain Contassot-Vivier , Jean-François Couchot , Christophe Guyeux , Pierre-Cyrille Heam

Randomness is an invaluable resource in today's life with a broad use reaching from numerical simulations through randomized algorithms to cryptography. However, on the classical level no true randomness is available and even the use of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-02-24 Mataj Pivoluska , Martin Plesch

Quantum pseudorandomness, also known as unitary designs, comprise a powerful resource for quantum computation and quantum engineering. While it is known in theory that pseudorandom unitary operators can be constructed efficiently, realizing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-24 Jun Li , Zhihuang Luo , Tao Xin , Hengyan Wang , David Kribs , Dawei Lu , Bei Zeng , Raymond Laflamme

The random number generators (RNGs) are an indispensable tool in cryptography. Of various types of RNG method, those using radiations from nuclear decays (radioactive RNG) has a relatively long history but their security has never been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-05 Toyohiro Tsurumaru , Toshihiko Sasaki , Izumi Tsutsui

A permutation-invariant quantum code on $N$ qudits is any subspace stabilized by the matrix representation of the symmetric group $S_N$ as permutation matrices that permute the underlying $N$ subsystems. When each subsystem is a complex…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-07-04 Yingkai Ouyang

Genuine random numbers can be produced beyond a shadow of doubt through the intrinsic randomness provided by quantum mechanics theory. While many degrees of freedom have been investigated for randomness generation, not adequate attention…

An approach to quantum random number generation based on unambiguous quantum state discrimination (USD) is developed. We consider a prepare-and-measure protocol, where two non-orthogonal quantum states can be prepared, and a measurement…

Quantum random number generation is a technique to generate random numbers by extracting randomness from specific quantum processes. As for practical random number generators, they are required not only to have no information leakage but…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Zehao Zhao , Xiongfeng Ma , Hongyi Zhou

A remarkable aspect of quantum theory is that certain measurement outcomes are entirely unpredictable to all possible observers. Such quantum events can be harnessed to generate numbers whose randomness is asserted based upon the underlying…

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