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The Segment Anything Model (SAM) marks a significant advancement in segmentation models, offering robust zero-shot abilities and dynamic prompting. However, existing medical SAMs are not suitable for the multi-scale nature of whole-slide…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Hong Liu , Haosen Yang , Paul J. van Diest , Josien P. W. Pluim , Mitko Veta

Whole Slide Imaging (WSI) is a cornerstone of digital pathology, offering detailed insights critical for diagnosis and research. Yet, the gigapixel size of WSIs imposes significant computational challenges, limiting their practical utility.…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-15 Ravi Kant Gupta , Shounak Das , Amit Sethi

The development of computational pathology lies in the consensus that pathological characteristics of tumors are significant guidance for cancer diagnostics. Most existing research focuses on the inner-contextual information within each WSI…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Jun Shi , Tong Shu , Zhiguo Jiang , Wei Wang , Haibo Wu , Yushan Zheng

Multiple instance learning (MIL) has emerged as a powerful framework for weakly supervised whole slide image (WSI) classification, enabling slide-level predictions without requiring detailed patch-level annotations. Despite its success, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Bryan Wong , Mun Yong Yi

Multiple instance learning (MIL) has emerged as the dominant paradigm for whole slide image (WSI) analysis in computational pathology, achieving strong diagnostic performance through patch-level feature aggregation. However, existing MIL…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Yiran Song , Yikai Zhang , Shuang Zhou , Guojun Xiong , Xiaofeng Yang , Nian Wang , Fenglong Ma , Rui Zhang , Mingquan Lin

Whole slide image (WSI) classification is a fundamental task for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases; but, curation of accurate labels is time-consuming and limits the application of fully-supervised methods. To address this, multiple…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-25 Philip Chikontwe , Soo Jeong Nam , Heounjeong Go , Meejeong Kim , Hyun Jung Sung , Sang Hyun Park

Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women worldwide. Histopathology image analysis serves as the gold standard for cancer diagnosis. In this regard, whole-slide imaging (WSI), a revolutionary technology in digital pathology,…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-21 Baichen Yu , Xuetong Li , Jing Zhou , Hansheng Wang

Multiple instance learning (MIL) is the dominant framework for whole-slide image analysis in computational pathology, typically combining a frozen patch encoder, a projection layer, and a slide-level aggregator. While encoders and…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-19 Yucheng Xing , Pei Liu , Jingying Ma , Ruping Hong , Jiangdong Qiu , Tianyu Liu , Kai He , Ling Huang , Mengling Feng

Vision Transformers (ViTs) and their multi-scale and hierarchical variations have been successful at capturing image representations but their use has been generally studied for low-resolution images (e.g. - 256x256, 384384). For gigapixel…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Richard J. Chen , Chengkuan Chen , Yicong Li , Tiffany Y. Chen , Andrew D. Trister , Rahul G. Krishnan , Faisal Mahmood

Whole slide images (WSIs) are the gold standard for pathological diagnosis and sub-typing. Current main-stream two-step frameworks employ offline feature encoders trained without domain-specific knowledge. Among them, attention-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Mingrui Ma , Chentao Li , Pan Huang , Jing Qin

Whole Slide Images (WSIs) present a challenging computer vision task due to their gigapixel size and presence of numerous artefacts. Yet they are a valuable resource for patient diagnosis and stratification, often representing the gold…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Amaya Gallagher-Syed , Luca Rossi , Felice Rivellese , Costantino Pitzalis , Myles Lewis , Michael Barnes , Gregory Slabaugh

Multi-Instance Learning (MIL) has shown impressive performance for histopathology whole slide image (WSI) analysis using bags or pseudo-bags. It involves instance sampling, feature representation, and decision-making. However, existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Tingting Zheng , Kui Jiang , Hongxun Yao

Traditional image-based survival prediction models rely on discriminative patch labeling which make those methods not scalable to extend to large datasets. Recent studies have shown Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) framework is useful for…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-24 Jiawen Yao , Xinliang Zhu , Jitendra Jonnagaddala , Nicholas Hawkins , Junzhou Huang

During the diagnostic process, clinicians leverage multimodal information, such as chief complaints, medical images, and laboratory-test results. Deep-learning models for aiding diagnosis have yet to meet this requirement. Here we report a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Hong-Yu Zhou , Yizhou Yu , Chengdi Wang , Shu Zhang , Yuanxu Gao , Jia Pan , Jun Shao , Guangming Lu , Kang Zhang , Weimin Li

Whole Slide Image (WSI) classification with multiple instance learning (MIL) in digital pathology faces significant computational challenges. Current methods mostly rely on extensive self-supervised learning (SSL) for satisfactory…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Hossein Jafarinia , Alireza Alipanah , Danial Hamdi , Saeed Razavi , Nahal Mirzaie , Mohammad Hossein Rohban

Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models have become the state-of-the-art for most computer vision tasks with natural images. However, these are not best suited for multi-gigapixel resolution Whole Slide Images (WSIs) of histology slides…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-07-28 Abhinav Agarwalla , Muhammad Shaban , Nasir M. Rajpoot

The computer-aided analysis of medical scans is a longstanding goal in the medical imaging field. Currently, deep learning has became a dominant methodology for supporting pathologists and radiologist. Deep learning algorithms have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-12-06 Jakub M. Tomczak , Maximilian Ilse , Max Welling

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are used to identify relationships between genetic variations and specific traits. When applied to high-dimensional medical imaging data, a key step is to extract lower-dimensional, yet informative…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2023-09-28 Yaochen Xie , Ziqian Xie , Sheikh Muhammad Saiful Islam , Degui Zhi , Shuiwang Ji

Foundation models (FM) have transformed computational pathology but remain computationally prohibitive for clinical deployment due to their massive parameter counts and high-magnification processing requirements. Here, we introduce XMAG, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Ziyu Su , Abdul Rehman Akbar , Usama Sajjad , Anil V. Parwani , Muhammad Khalid Khan Niazi

We propose a novel method for unsupervised semantic image segmentation based on mutual information maximization between local and global high-level image features. The core idea of our work is to leverage recent progress in self-supervised…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-08 Robert Harb , Patrick Knöbelreiter