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We study the limits of bipartite entanglement distribution using a chain of quantum repeaters that have quantum memories. To generate end-to-end entanglement, each node can attempt the generation of an entangled link with a neighbor, or…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-11 Álvaro G. Iñesta , Gayane Vardoyan , Lara Scavuzzo , Stephanie Wehner

Quantum repeaters play a crucial role in the effective distribution of entanglement over long distances. The nearest-future type of quantum repeater requires two operations: entanglement generation across neighbouring repeaters and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-26 Jan Li , Tim Coopmans , Patrick Emonts , Kenneth Goodenough , Jordi Tura , Evert van Nieuwenburg

Quantum repeaters, which are indispensable for long-distance quantum communication, are necessary for extending the entanglement from short distance to long distance; however, high-rate entanglement distribution, even between adjacent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-26 Daisuke Yoshida , Kazuya Niizeki , Shuhei Tamura , Tomoyuki Horikiri

We develop entanglement swapping protocols and memory allocation methods for quantum repeater chains. Unlike most of the existing studies, the memory size of each quantum repeater in this work is a parameter that can be optimized. Based on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-23 Wenhan Dai , Don Towsley

Distributing entanglement over long distances is one of the central tasks in quantum networks. An important problem, especially for near-term quantum networks, is to develop optimal entanglement distribution protocols that take into account…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-08 Sumeet Khatri

Quantum repeater networks that allow long-distance entanglement distribution will be the backbone of distributed quantum information processing. In this paper we explore entanglement distribution using quantum repeaters with optimized…

Remote quantum entanglement can enable numerous applications including distributed quantum computation, secure communication, and precision sensing. In this paper, we consider how a quantum network-nodes equipped with limited quantum…

Small interconnected quantum processors can collaborate to tackle quantum computational problems that typically demand more capable devices. These linked processors, referred to as quantum nodes, can use shared entangled states to execute…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-26 Lars Talsma , Álvaro G. Iñesta , Stephanie Wehner

Long-distance quantum communication via entanglement distribution is of great importance for the quantum internet. However, scaling up to such long distances has proved challenging due to the loss of photons, which grows exponentially with…

Entanglement generation in long-distance quantum networks is a difficult process due to resource limitations and the probabilistic nature of entanglement swapping. To maximize success probability, existing quantum routing algorithms employ…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Tasdiqul Islam , Md Arifuzzaman , Engin Arslan

We present a quantum repeater protocol for distributing entanglement over long distances, where a dedicated communication stage enables trial rates not limited by the travel time between repeater nodes. To accomplish this, each node…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-25 Adam Kinos , Andreas Walther , Stefan Kröll , Lars Rippe

Quantum repeater chains will form the backbone of future quantum networks that distribute entanglement between network nodes. Therefore, it is important to understand the entanglement distribution performance of quantum repeater chains,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-14 Allen Zang , Joaquin Chung , Rajkumar Kettimuthu , Martin Suchara , Tian Zhong

With the emergence of the Quantum Internet, the need for advanced quantum networking techniques has significantly risen. Various models of quantum repeaters have been presented, each delineating a unique strategy to ensure quantum…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Zebo Yang , Ali Ghubaish , Raj Jain , Hassan Shapourian , Alireza Shabani

The distribution of entanglement in quantum networks is typically approached under idealized assumptions such as perfect synchronization and centralized control, while classical communication is often neglected. However, these assumptions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-04 Shahrooz Pouryousef , Hassan Shapourian , Don Towsley

Entanglement is a unique resource for quantum-enhanced applications. When employed in sensing, shared entanglement between distributed quantum sensors enables a substantial gain in the measurement sensitivity in estimating global parameters…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-23 Yi Xia , Quntao Zhuang , William Clark , Zheshen Zhang

Realization of a globe-spanning quantum network is a current worldwide goal, where near and long term implementations will benefit from connectivity between platforms optimized for specific tasks. Towards this goal, a quantum network…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-11 Mohsen Falamarzi Askarani , Kaushik Chakraborty , Gustavo Castro do Amaral

This work introduces a compact framework for analyzing asynchronous entanglement distribution protocols under realistic error models. We focus on two contemporary protocols: sequential, where entanglement is established one node at a time,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-13 Emma Hughes , William Munizzi , Prineha Narang

We demonstrate entanglement distribution between two remote quantum nodes located 3 meters apart. This distribution involves the asynchronous preparation of two pairs of atomic memories and the coherent mapping of stored atomic states into…

This work examines secret key rates of key distribution based on quantum repeaters in a broad parameter space of the communication distance and coherence time of the quantum memories. As the first step in this task, a Markov decision…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-19 Simon Daniel Reiß , Peter van Loock

As quantum key distribution becomes increasingly practical, questions of how to effectively employ it in large-scale networks and over large distances becomes increasingly important. To that end, in this work, we model the performance of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-03 Omar Amer , Walter O. Krawec , Bing Wang
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