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Long-distance entanglement is a very precious resource, but its distribution is very difficult due to the exponential losses of light in optical fibres. A possible solution consists in the use of quantum repeaters, based on entanglement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-18 Carlo Liorni , Hermann Kampermann , Dagmar Bruss

The quantum internet is one of the frontiers of quantum information science. It will revolutionize the way we communicate and do other tasks, and it will allow for tasks that are not possible using the current, classical internet. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-31 Sumeet Khatri

Distributing long-distance entanglement is a fundamental goal that is necessary for a variety of tasks such as quantum communication, distributed quantum computing, and quantum metrology. Currently quantum repeater schemes typically aim to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-02 Alexey N. Pyrkov , Ilia D. Lazarev , Tim Byrnes

We conduct a comparative study to determine the initial quality necessary to extend the distance range of an $N$-qubit GHZ state (the parent state) using two-dimensional repeaters. We analyzed two strategies for distributing initial GHZ…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-20 Mohadeseh Azari , Amy Babay , Prashant Krishnamurthy , Kaushik Seshadreesan

Quantum information technology has the potential to revolutionize computing, communications, and security. To fully realize its potential, quantum processors with millions of qubits are needed, which is still far from being accomplished.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-12 Nicholas Skjellum , Mohamed Shaban , Muhammad Ismail

We study quantum entanglement distribution on networks with full-rank bi-partite mixed states linking qubits on nodes. In particular, we use entanglement swapping and purification to partially entangle widely separated nodes. The simplest…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-01-24 G. J. Lapeyre , S. Perseguers , M. Lewenstein , A. Acín

Developing and deploying advanced Quantum Repeater (QR) technologies will be necessary to scale quantum networks to longer distances. Depending on the error mitigation mechanisms adopted to suppress loss and errors, QRs are typically…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-30 Chuen Hei Chan , Charu Jain , Ezra Kissel , Wenji Wu , Edwin Barnes , Sophia E. Economou , Inder Monga

The construction of large-scale quantum networks relies on the development of practical quantum repeaters. Many approaches have been proposed with the goal of outperforming the direct transmission of photons, but most of them are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-01-23 Xiao Liu , Zong-Quan Zhou , Yi-Lin Hua , Chuan-Feng Li , Guang-Can Guo

Entangled states shared among distant nodes are frequently used in quantum network applications. When quantum resources are abundant, entangled states can be continuously distributed across the network, allowing nodes to consume them…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-01 Álvaro G. Iñesta , Stephanie Wehner

The rate at which quantum communication tasks can be performed using direct transmission is fundamentally hindered by the channel loss. Quantum repeaters allow, in principle, to overcome these limitations, but their introduction necessarily…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-24 Kenneth Goodenough , David Elkouss , Stephanie Wehner

In large-scale quantum networks, quantum repeaters provide an efficient method to distribute entangled states among selected nodes for realizing long-distance and complicated quantum communications. However, extending quantum repeater…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-10 Tianen Chen , Yun Shang , Chitong Chen , Heng Fan

The past decade has seen tremendous progress in experimentally realizing the building blocks of quantum repeaters. Repeater architectures with multiplexed quantum memories have been proposed to increase entanglement distribution rates, but…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-26 Yuan Lee , Eric Bersin , Axel Dahlberg , Stephanie Wehner , Dirk Englund

Transmitting unknown quantum states to distant locations is crucial for distributed quantum information protocols. The seminal quantum teleportation scheme achieves this feat while requiring prior maximal entanglement between the sender and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-25 Arkaprabha Ghosal , Jatin Ghai , Tanmay Saha , Sibasish Ghosh , Mir Alimuddin

We propose an approach to distribute high-fidelity long-range entanglement in a quantum network assisted by the entanglement supplied by auxiliary short-range paths between the network nodes. Entanglement assistance in the form of shared…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-20 Siddhartha Santra , Vladimir S. Malinovsky

Owing to the inevitable loss in communication channels, the distance of entanglement distribution is limited to approximately 100 kilometres on the ground. Quantum repeaters can circumvent this problem by using quantum memory and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-08 Xiao Liu , Jun Hu , Zong-Feng Li , Xue Li , Pei-Yun Li , Peng-Jun Liang , Zong-Quan Zhou , Chuan-Feng Li , Guang-Can Guo

The distribution of quantum states over long distances is limited by photon loss. Straightforward amplification as in classical telecommunications is not an option in quantum communication because of the no-cloning theorem. This problem…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-03-25 Nicolas Sangouard , Christoph Simon , Hugues de Riedmatten , Nicolas Gisin

Entanglement shared between distant parties is a key resource in quantum networks. However, photon losses in quantum channels significantly reduce the success probability of entanglement sharing, which scales quadratically with the channel…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-08 Wan Zo , Bohdan Bilash , Donghwa Lee , Yosep Kim , Hyang-Tag Lim , Kyunghwan Oh , Syed M. Assad , Yong-Su Kim

Quantum repeater networks distribute entanglement over lossy links while many users share a limited pool of entangled pairs. Most existing routing schemes either always use a single best path or rely on global optimizations that are hard to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-31 Ankit Mishra , Kang Hao Cheong

This paper addresses resource allocation for entanglement distribution in multi-channel quantum networks. A system model is proposed that integrates a multi-channel quantum network architecture with heterogeneous link characteristics and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-07 Gongyu Ni , Lester Ho

We investigate entanglement distribution in pure-state quantum networks. We consider the case when non-maximally entangled two-qubit pure states are shared by neighboring nodes of the network. For a given pair of nodes, we investigate how…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-01-19 S. Perseguers , J. Wehr , A. Acin , M. Lewenstein , J. I. Cirac