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The use of large pretrained neural networks to create contextualized word embeddings has drastically improved performance on several natural language processing (NLP) tasks. These computationally expensive models have begun to be applied to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-12-03 Benjamin Clavié , Kobi Gal

Pre-trained language models have recently contributed to significant advances in NLP tasks. Recently, multi-modal versions of BERT have been developed, using heavy pre-training relying on vast corpora of aligned textual and image data,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-17 Thomas Scialom , Patrick Bordes , Paul-Alexis Dray , Jacopo Staiano , Patrick Gallinari

Quantum machine learning is a promising direction for building more efficient and expressive models, particularly in domains where understanding complex, structured data is critical. We present the Quantum Graph Transformer (QGT), a hybrid…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Shamminuj Aktar , Andreas Bärtschi , Abdel-Hameed A. Badawy , Stephan Eidenbenz

Quantum Natural Language Processing (QNLP) offers a novel approach to encoding and understanding the complexity of natural languages through the power of quantum computation. This paper presents a pretrained quantum context-sensitive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Charles M. Varmantchaonala , Niclas Götting , Nils-Erik Schütte , Jean Louis E. K. Fendji , Christopher Gies

Large pre-trained language models help to achieve state of the art on a variety of natural language processing (NLP) tasks, nevertheless, they still suffer from forgetting when incrementally learning a sequence of tasks. To alleviate this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Mingxu Tao , Yansong Feng , Dongyan Zhao

Pre-trained Transformers are challenging human performances in many NLP tasks. The massive datasets used for pre-training seem to be the key to their success on existing tasks. In this paper, we explore how a range of pre-trained Natural…

Pre-training large-scale neural language models on raw texts has made a significant contribution to improving transfer learning in natural language processing (NLP). With the introduction of transformer-based language models, such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Shoya Wada , Toshihiro Takeda , Shiro Manabe , Shozo Konishi , Jun Kamohara , Yasushi Matsumura

Recently, the emergence of pre-trained models (PTMs) has brought natural language processing (NLP) to a new era. In this survey, we provide a comprehensive review of PTMs for NLP. We first briefly introduce language representation learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-24 Xipeng Qiu , Tianxiang Sun , Yige Xu , Yunfan Shao , Ning Dai , Xuanjing Huang

Pre-trained Transformer-based models have achieved state-of-the-art performance for various Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. However, these models often have billions of parameters, and, thus, are too resource-hungry and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Prakhar Ganesh , Yao Chen , Xin Lou , Mohammad Ali Khan , Yin Yang , Hassan Sajjad , Preslav Nakov , Deming Chen , Marianne Winslett

We introduces the Quantum-Train(QT) framework, a novel approach that integrates quantum computing with classical machine learning algorithms to address significant challenges in data encoding, model compression, and inference hardware…

This open access book provides a comprehensive overview of the state of the art in research and applications of Foundation Models and is intended for readers familiar with basic Natural Language Processing (NLP) concepts. Over the recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Gerhard Paaß , Sven Giesselbach

Pretrained language models have achieved a new state of the art on many NLP tasks, but there are still many open questions about how and why they work so well. We investigate the contextualization of words in BERT. We quantify the amount of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Mengjie Zhao , Philipp Dufter , Yadollah Yaghoobzadeh , Hinrich Schütze

While large language models (LLMs) have advanced the field of natural language processing (NLP), their "black box" nature obscures their decision-making processes. To address this, researchers developed structured approaches using higher…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Hala Hawashin , Mehrnoosh Sadrzadeh

The emergence of Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) has achieved tremendous success in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) by learning universal representations on large corpora in a self-supervised manner. The pre-trained models…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-09-14 Peng Liu , Lemei Zhang , Jon Atle Gulla

Artificial neural networks have achieved great success in many fields ranging from image recognition to video understanding. However, its high requirements for computing and memory resources have limited further development on processing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-05 Yanxuan Lü , Qing Gao , Jinhu Lü , Maciej Ogorzałek , Jin Zheng

Fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) is now a common approach for text classification in a wide range of applications. When labeled documents are scarce, active learning helps save annotation efforts but requires retraining of massive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Artem Vysogorets , Achintya Gopal

Pre-trained language models like BERT achieve superior performances in various NLP tasks without explicit consideration of syntactic information. Meanwhile, syntactic information has been proved to be crucial for the success of NLP…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Jiangang Bai , Yujing Wang , Yiren Chen , Yaming Yang , Jing Bai , Jing Yu , Yunhai Tong

While quantum architectures are still under development, when available, they will only be able to process quantum data when machine learning algorithms can only process numerical data. Therefore, in the issues of classification or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Rafal Potempa , Sebastian Porebski

Quantum Machine Learning (QML) offers tremendous potential but is currently limited by the availability of qubits. We introduce an innovative approach that utilizes pre-trained neural networks to enhance Variational Quantum Circuits (VQC).…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Jun Qi , Chao-Han Yang , Samuel Yen-Chi Chen , Pin-Yu Chen , Hector Zenil , Jesper Tegner

While recent research on natural language inference has considerably benefited from large annotated datasets, the amount of inference-related knowledge (including commonsense) provided in the annotated data is still rather limited. There…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-10 Xiaoyu Yang , Xiaodan Zhu , Zhan Shi , Tianda Li