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The intrinsic difficulty in adapting deep learning models to non-stationary environments limits the applicability of neural networks to real-world tasks. This issue is critical in practical supervised learning settings, such as the ones in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Simone Marullo , Matteo Tiezzi , Marco Gori , Stefano Melacci , Tinne Tuytelaars

Continual learning has primarily focused on the issue of catastrophic forgetting and the associated stability-plasticity tradeoffs. However, little attention has been paid to the efficacy of continually learned representations, as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Ameya Prabhu , Shiven Sinha , Ponnurangam Kumaraguru , Philip H. S. Torr , Ozan Sener , Puneet K. Dokania

Although deep neural networks perform extremely well in controlled environments, they fail in real-world scenarios where data isn't available all at once, and the model must adapt to a new data distribution that may or may not follow the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Vaishnavi Nagabhushana , Kartikay Agrawal , Ayon Borthakur

The lifelong learning paradigm in machine learning is an attractive alternative to the more prominent isolated learning scheme not only due to its resemblance to biological learning but also its potential to reduce energy waste by obviating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Sanket Vaibhav Mehta , Darshan Patil , Sarath Chandar , Emma Strubell

Continual learning is the ability to acquire new knowledge without forgetting the previously learned one, assuming no further access to past training data. Neural network approximators trained with gradient descent are known to fail in this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-05 Rodrigue Siry

Wearable sensors in Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystems increasingly support applications such as remote health monitoring, elderly care, and smart home automation, all of which rely on robust human activity recognition (HAR). Continual…

Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) is widely used for task-specific adaptation, yet recent work shows it systematically undermines reasoning generalization. We argue the root cause is not memorization itself, but its target: vanilla SFT drives…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Ruiying Peng , Mengyu Yang , Jing Lei , Xiaohui Li , Xueyu Wu , Xinlei Chen

Continual learning (CL) has emerged as a pivotal paradigm to enable large language models (LLMs) to dynamically adapt to evolving knowledge and sequential tasks while mitigating catastrophic forgetting-a critical limitation of the static…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Hongyang Chen , Zhongwu Sun , Hongfei Ye , Kunchi Li , Xuemin Lin

Despite being trained on massive and diverse datasets, speech self-supervised encoders are generally used for downstream purposes as mere frozen feature extractors or model initializers before fine-tuning. The former severely limits the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-02 Salah Zaiem , Titouan Parcollet , Slim Essid

When deep learning models are sequentially trained on new data, they tend to abruptly lose performance on previously learned tasks, a critical failure known as catastrophic forgetting. This challenge severely limits the deployment of AI in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Paraskevi-Antonia Theofilou , Anuhya Thota , Stefanos Kollias , Mamatha Thota

The post-training of LLMs, which typically consists of the supervised fine-tuning (SFT) stage and the preference learning stage (RLHF or DPO), is crucial to effective and safe LLM applications. The widely adopted approach in post-training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Heshan Fernando , Han Shen , Parikshit Ram , Yi Zhou , Horst Samulowitz , Nathalie Baracaldo , Tianyi Chen

In this work, we present a general framework for continual learning of sequentially arrived tasks with the use of pre-training, which has emerged as a promising direction for artificial intelligence systems to accommodate real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Liyuan Wang , Jingyi Xie , Xingxing Zhang , Hang Su , Jun Zhu

We study the common continual learning setup where an overparameterized model is sequentially fitted to a set of jointly realizable tasks. We analyze forgetting, defined as the loss on previously seen tasks, after $k$ iterations. For…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Itay Evron , Ran Levinstein , Matan Schliserman , Uri Sherman , Tomer Koren , Daniel Soudry , Nathan Srebro

Building models of natural language processing (NLP) is challenging in low-resource scenarios where only limited data are available. Optimization-based meta-learning algorithms achieve promising results in low-resource scenarios by adapting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-15 Yingxiu Zhao , Zhiliang Tian , Huaxiu Yao , Yinhe Zheng , Dongkyu Lee , Yiping Song , Jian Sun , Nevin L. Zhang

We study a practical setting of continual learning: fine-tuning on a pre-trained model continually. Previous work has found that, when training on new tasks, the features (penultimate layer representations) of previous data will change,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Shibo Jie , Zhi-Hong Deng , Ziheng Li

Deep-learning models such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) have been successfully used for process-mining tasks. They have achieved better performance for different predictive tasks than traditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Ishwar Venugopal , Jessica Töllich , Michael Fairbank , Ansgar Scherp

Conventional deep learning models have limited capacity in learning multiple tasks sequentially. The issue of forgetting the previously learned tasks in continual learning is known as catastrophic forgetting or interference. When the input…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-14 Honglin Li , Payam Barnaghi , Shirin Enshaeifar , Frieder Ganz

Catastrophic forgetting is one of the major challenges on the road for continual learning systems, which are presented with an on-line stream of tasks. The field has attracted considerable interest and a diverse set of methods have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Guy Oren , Lior Wolf

Rehearsal-based Continual Learning (CL) has been intensely investigated in Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). However, its application in Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) has not been explored in depth. In this paper we introduce the first…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Alberto Dequino , Alessio Carpegna , Davide Nadalini , Alessandro Savino , Luca Benini , Stefano Di Carlo , Francesco Conti

Imitation learning considerably simplifies policy synthesis compared to alternative approaches by exploiting access to expert demonstrations. For such imitation policies, errors away from the training samples are particularly critical. Even…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Kaustubh Sridhar , Souradeep Dutta , Dinesh Jayaraman , James Weimer , Insup Lee
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