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Autoformalization - automatically translating natural language mathematical texts into formal proof language such as Lean4 - can help accelerate AI-assisted mathematical research, be it via proof verification or proof search. I fine-tune…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Arsen Shebzukhov

Recently, large language models have presented promising results in aiding formal mathematical reasoning. However, their performance is restricted due to the scarcity of formal theorem-proving data, which requires additional effort to be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Zijian Wu , Jiayu Wang , Dahua Lin , Kai Chen

Mathematical reasoning remains a significant challenge for Large Language Models (LLMs) due to hallucinations. When combined with formal proof assistants like Lean, these hallucinations can be eliminated through rigorous verification,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Robert Joseph George , Suozhi Huang , Peiyang Song , Anima Anandkumar

Theorem proving serves as a major testbed for evaluating complex reasoning abilities in large language models (LLMs). However, traditional automated theorem proving (ATP) approaches rely heavily on formal proof systems that poorly align…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Ziyin Zhang , Jiahao Xu , Zhiwei He , Tian Liang , Qiuzhi Liu , Yansi Li , Linfeng Song , Zhenwen Liang , Zhuosheng Zhang , Rui Wang , Zhaopeng Tu , Haitao Mi , Dong Yu

Autoformalization is one of the central tasks in formal verification, while its advancement remains hindered due to the data scarcity and the absence efficient methods. In this work we propose \textbf{FormaRL}, a simple yet efficient…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Yanxing Huang , Xinling Jin , Sijie Liang , Peng Li , Yang Liu

Reasoning benchmarks have played a crucial role in the progress of language models. Yet rigorous evaluation remains a significant challenge as static question-answer pairs provide only a snapshot of performance, compressing complex behavior…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Sergio Servantez , Sarah B. Lawsky , Rajiv Jain , Daniel W. Linna , Kristian Hammond

The problem of verifying whether a textual hypothesis holds based on the given evidence, also known as fact verification, plays an important role in the study of natural language understanding and semantic representation. However, existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-16 Wenhu Chen , Hongmin Wang , Jianshu Chen , Yunkai Zhang , Hong Wang , Shiyang Li , Xiyou Zhou , William Yang Wang

This paper proposes a natural language translation method for machine-verifiable formal proofs that leverages the informalization (verbalization of formal language proof steps) and summarization capabilities of LLMs. For evaluation, it was…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Seiji Hattori , Takuya Matsuzaki , Makoto Fujiwara

Automated Theorem Proving (ATP) represents a core research direction in artificial intelligence for achieving formal reasoning and verification, playing a significant role in advancing machine intelligence. However, current large language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Sirui Li , Wangyue Lu , Xiaorui Shi , Ke Weng , Haozhe Sun , Minghe Yu , Tiancheng Zhang , Ge Yu , Hengyu Liu , Lun Du

Auto-formalization (AF) translates natural-language reasoning problems into solver-executable programs, enabling symbolic solvers to perform sound logical deduction. In practice, however, AF pipelines are currently brittle: programs may…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Zhiyu Ni , Zheng Liang , Liangcheng Song , Chenrui Cao , Xian Zhang , Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli , Pierluigi Nuzzo

A well-defined benchmark is essential for measuring and accelerating research progress of machine learning models. In this paper, we present a benchmark for high-level mathematical reasoning and study the reasoning capabilities of neural…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-03-25 Wenda Li , Lei Yu , Yuhuai Wu , Lawrence C. Paulson

Drori et al. (2022) report that "A neural network solves, explains, and generates university math problems by program synthesis and few-shot learning at human level ... [It] automatically answers 81\% of university-level mathematics…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Ernest Davis

Achieving both accuracy and diverse reasoning remains challenging for Large Language Models (LLMs) in complex domains like mathematics. A key bottleneck is evaluating intermediate reasoning steps to guide generation without costly human…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Adam Younsi , Ahmed Attia , Abdalgader Abubaker , Mohamed El Amine Seddik , Hakim Hacid , Salem Lahlou

We introduce CFE-Bench (Classroom Final Exam), a multimodal benchmark for evaluating the reasoning capabilities of large language models across more than 20 STEM domains. CFE-Bench is curated from repeatedly used, authentic university…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Chongyang Gao , Diji Yang , Shuyan Zhou , Xichen Yan , Luchuan Song , Shuo Li , Kezhen Chen

Although most of the automated theorem-proving approaches depend on formal proof systems, informal theorem proving can align better with large language models' (LLMs) strength in natural language processing. In this work, we identify a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Yunhe Li , Hao Shi , Bowen Deng , Wei Wang , Mengzhe Ruan , Hanxu Hou , Zhongxiang Dai , Siyang Gao , Chao Wang , Shuang Qiu , Linqi Song

The demand for synthetic data in mathematical reasoning has increased due to its potential to enhance the mathematical capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, ensuring the validity of intermediate reasoning steps remains a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Joshua Ong Jun Leang , Giwon Hong , Wenda Li , Shay B. Cohen

Large language models hallucinate factual claims and struggle to ground their outputs in retrievable evidence, particularly in non-English languages. Existing resources impose a trade-off: structured knowledge bases lack textual grounding,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Yingli Shen , Wen Lai , Jie Zhou , Xueren Zhang , Yudong Wang , Kangyang Luo , Shuo Wang , Ge Gao , Alexander Fraser , Maosong Sun

Mechanical reasoning is a key area of research that lies at the crossroads of mathematical logic and artificial intelligence. The main aim to develop mechanical reasoning systems (also known as theorem provers) was to enable mathematicians…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-12-09 M. Saqib Nawaz , Moin Malik , Yi Li , Meng Sun , M. Ikram Ullah Lali

The past decade has seen a substantial rise in the amount of mis- and disinformation online, from targeted disinformation campaigns to influence politics, to the unintentional spreading of misinformation about public health. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-09 Isabelle Augenstein

We introduce MLFMF, a collection of data sets for benchmarking recommendation systems used to support formalization of mathematics with proof assistants. These systems help humans identify which previous entries (theorems, constructions,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Andrej Bauer , Matej Petković , Ljupčo Todorovski