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Related papers: ProofNet: Autoformalizing and Formally Proving Und…

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Autoformalization aims to convert informal mathematical proofs into machine-verifiable formats, bridging the gap between natural and formal languages. However, ensuring semantic alignment between the informal and formalized statements…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Jianqiao Lu , Yingjia Wan , Yinya Huang , Jing Xiong , Zhengying Liu , Zhijiang Guo

Undergraduate students of artificial intelligence often struggle with representing knowledge as logical sentences. This is a skill that seems to require extensive practice to obtain, suggesting a teaching strategy that involves the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2015-07-15 Angelo Kyrilov , David Noelle

We demonstrate that a neural network pre-trained on text and fine-tuned on code solves mathematics course problems, explains solutions, and generates new questions at a human level. We automatically synthesize programs using few-shot…

The ever-growing complexity of mathematical proofs makes their manual verification by mathematicians very cognitively demanding. Autoformalization seeks to address this by translating proofs written in natural language into a formal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-06 Garett Cunningham , Razvan C. Bunescu , David Juedes

We present AutoformBot, a multi-agent system for building an Autoformalized Textbook Library At Scale (Atlas) in Lean 4. AutoformBot orchestrates thousands of LLM agents, equipped with formal verification tools, dependency-aware task…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Ahmad Rammal , Niket Patel , Fabian Gloeckle , Amaury Hayat , Julia Kempe , Remi Munos , Charles Arnal , Vivien Cabannes

We consider the task of automated theorem proving, a key AI task. Deep learning has shown promise for training theorem provers, but there are limited human-written theorems and proofs available for supervised learning. To address this…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-11-02 Mingzhe Wang , Jia Deng

We perform a thorough analysis of the formal and informal statements in the miniF2F benchmark from the perspective of an AI system that is tasked to participate in a math Olympiad consisting of the problems in miniF2F. In such setting, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Azim Ospanov , Farzan Farnia , Roozbeh Yousefzadeh

The research in AI-based formal mathematical reasoning has shown an unstoppable growth trend. These studies have excelled in mathematical competitions like IMO and have made significant progress. This paper focuses on formal verification,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Jialun Cao , Yaojie Lu , Meiziniu Li , Haoyang Ma , Haokun Li , Mengda He , Cheng Wen , Le Sun , Hongyu Zhang , Shengchao Qin , Shing-Chi Cheung , Cong Tian

Thanks to their linguistic capabilities, LLMs offer an opportunity to bridge the gap between informal mathematics and formal languages through autoformalization. However, it is still unclear how well LLMs generalize to sophisticated and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Lan Zhang , Marco Valentino , Andre Freitas

Autoformalization, the conversion of natural language mathematics into formal languages, offers significant potential for advancing mathematical reasoning. However, existing efforts are limited to formal languages with substantial online…

Foundational verification allows programmers to build software which has been empirically shown to have high levels of assurance in a variety of important domains. However, the cost of producing foundationally verified software remains…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-06-01 Alex Sanchez-Stern , Yousef Alhessi , Lawrence Saul , Sorin Lerner

Automated formalization of mathematics enables mechanical verification but remains limited to isolated theorems and short snippets. Scaling to textbooks and research papers is largely unaddressed, as it requires managing cross-file…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Zichen Wang , Wanli Ma , Zhenyu Ming , Gong Zhang , Kun Yuan , Zaiwen Wen

The challenge of formal proof generation has a rich history, but with modern techniques, we may finally be at the stage of making actual progress in real-life mathematical problems. This paper explores the integration of ChatGPT and basic…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Sangjun Han , Taeil Hur , Youngmi Hur , Kathy Sangkyung Lee , Myungyoon Lee , Hyojae Lim

Reliable verification of proofs remains a bottleneck for training and evaluating AI systems on hard mathematical reasoning. Fully formal proofs, in languages like Lean, are easy to verify because they are unambiguous and modular. Most…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Slim Barkallah , Luke Bailey , Kaiyue Wen , Mohammed Abouzaid , Tengyu Ma

Understanding and creating mathematics using natural mathematical language - the mixture of symbolic and natural language used by humans - is a challenging and important problem for driving progress in machine learning. As a step in this…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Sean Welleck , Jiacheng Liu , Ronan Le Bras , Hannaneh Hajishirzi , Yejin Choi , Kyunghyun Cho

We explore the use of expert iteration in the context of language modeling applied to formal mathematics. We show that at same compute budget, expert iteration, by which we mean proof search interleaved with learning, dramatically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-04 Stanislas Polu , Jesse Michael Han , Kunhao Zheng , Mantas Baksys , Igor Babuschkin , Ilya Sutskever

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently emerged as powerful tools for autoformalization. Despite their impressive performance, these models can still struggle to produce grounded and verifiable formalizations. Recent work in text-to-SQL,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Hayden Moore , Asfahan Shah

Lean 4 autoformalization has become increasingly popular in recent years, with frontier language models and open-weight autoformalizers now producing valid formalizations of mathematical theorems. However, these evaluations often rely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 William Feng , Ethan Lou , Aryan Sharma

Mathematical reasoning is a hallmark of human intelligence, and whether large language models (LLMs) can meaningfully perform it remains a central question in artificial intelligence and cognitive science. As LLMs are increasingly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Linyang He , Qiyao Yu , Hanze Dong , Baohao Liao , Xinxing Xu , Micah Goldblum , Jiang Bian , Nima Mesgarani

Automated theorem proving (ATP) benchmarks largely consist of problems formalized in MathLib, so current ATP training and evaluation are heavily biased toward MathLib's definitional framework. However, frontier mathematics is often…