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This paper addresses the need for improved precision in existing knowledge-enhanced question-answering frameworks, specifically Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) methods that primarily focus on enhancing recall. We propose a multi-layer…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Rubing Chen , Xulu Zhang , Jiaxin Wu , Wenqi Fan , Xiao-Yong Wei , Qing Li

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has been widely adopted to enhance Large Language Models (LLMs) in knowledge-intensive tasks. To enhance credibility and verifiability in RAG systems, Attributed Text Generation (ATG) is proposed, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Sirui Xia , Xintao Wang , Jiaqing Liang , Yifei Zhang , Weikang Zhou , Jiaji Deng , Fei Yu , Yanghua Xiao

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances Large Language Models (LLMs) by grounding generation in external knowledge, yielding relevance responses that are aligned with factual evidence and evolving corpora. Standard RAG pipelines…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Xun Sun , Baiheng Xie , Li Huang , Qiang Gao

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly improved complex reasoning capabilities. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has further extended these capabilities by grounding generation in dynamically retrieved…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Jash Rajesh Parekh , Pengcheng Jiang , Jiawei Han

Grounding dialogue system with external knowledge is a promising way to improve the quality of responses. Most existing works adopt knowledge graphs (KGs) as the external resources, paying attention to the contribution of entities in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Kexin Wang , Zhixu Li , Jiaan Wang , Jianfeng Qu , Ying He , An Liu , Lei Zhao

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) significantly improves the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) on knowledge-intensive tasks. However, varying response quality across LLMs under RAG necessitates intelligent routing mechanisms,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Jiarui Zhang , Xiangyu Liu , Yong Hu , Chaoyue Niu , Fan Wu , Guihai Chen

We propose a framework - Prompt, Generate, Train (PGT) - to efficiently develop a generative question-answering model for open-book question-answering over a proprietary collection of text documents. The framework adapts a retriever…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-27 C. S. Krishna

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently been widely adopted in conversational agents. However, the increasingly long interactions between users and agents accumulate extensive dialogue records, making it difficult for LLMs with limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Derong Xu , Yi Wen , Pengyue Jia , Yingyi Zhang , wenlin zhang , Yichao Wang , Huifeng Guo , Ruiming Tang , Xiangyu Zhao , Enhong Chen , Tong Xu

A large number of deep learning models have been proposed for the text matching problem, which is at the core of various typical natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, existing deep models are mainly designed for the semantic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-02-28 Ting Zhang , Bang Liu , Di Niu , Kunfeng Lai , Yu Xu

Large language models have shown remarkable language processing and reasoning ability but are prone to hallucinate when asked about private data. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) retrieves relevant data that fit into an LLM's context…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Alfred Clemedtson , Borun Shi

Knowledge graphs (KGs) have the advantage of providing fine-grained detail for question-answering systems. Unfortunately, building a reliable KG is time-consuming and expensive as it requires human intervention. To overcome this issue, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-12 Seunghak Yu , Tianxing He , James Glass

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive versatility across various tasks. To eliminate their hallucinations, retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has emerged as a powerful approach, leveraging external…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Yuzheng Cai , Zhenyue Guo , Yiwen Pei , Wanrui Bian , Weiguo Zheng

This paper presents an experience report on the development of Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) systems using PDF documents as the primary data source. The RAG architecture combines generative capabilities of Large Language Models…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Ayman Asad Khan , Md Toufique Hasan , Kai Kristian Kemell , Jussi Rasku , Pekka Abrahamsson

Large Language Models (LLMs) are being adopted at an unprecedented rate, yet still face challenges in knowledge-intensive domains like biomedicine. Solutions such as pre-training and domain-specific fine-tuning add substantial computational…

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has transformed how we approach text generation tasks by grounding Large Language Model (LLM) outputs in retrieved knowledge. This capability is especially critical in the legal domain. In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Figarri Keisha , Prince Singh , Pallavi , Dion Fernandes , Aravindh Manivannan , Ilham Wicaksono , Faisal Ahmad , Wiem Ben Rim

Identifying relevant knowledge to be used in conversational systems that are grounded in long documents is critical to effective response generation. We introduce a knowledge identification model that leverages the document structure to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-13 Zeqiu Wu , Bo-Ru Lu , Hannaneh Hajishirzi , Mari Ostendorf

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) improves large language models by retrieving external knowledge, often truncated into smaller chunks due to the input context window, which leads to information loss, resulting in response hallucinations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Jie Zhang , Bo Tang , Wanzi Shao , Wenqiang Wei , Jihao Zhao , Jianqing Zhu , Zhiyu li , Wen Xi , Zehao Lin , Feiyu Xiong , Yanchao Tan

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at code generation but struggle with complex problems. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) mitigates this issue by integrating external knowledge, yet retrieval models often miss relevant context, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Shahd Seddik , Fahd Seddik , Iman Saberi , Fatemeh Fard , Minh Hieu Huynh , Patanamon Thongtanunam

Non-goal oriented, generative dialogue systems lack the ability to generate answers with grounded facts. A knowledge graph can be considered an abstraction of the real world consisting of well-grounded facts. This paper addresses the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-18 Debanjan Chaudhuri , Md Rashad Al Hasan Rony , Simon Jordan , Jens Lehmann

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) has greatly improved the performance of Large Language Model (LLM) responses by grounding generation with context from existing documents. These systems work well when documents are clearly relevant to a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Jialin Dong , Bahare Fatemi , Bryan Perozzi , Lin F. Yang , Anton Tsitsulin