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Dialogue response generation (DRG) is a critical component of task-oriented dialogue systems (TDSs). Its purpose is to generate proper natural language responses given some context, e.g., historical utterances, system states, etc.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-20 Jiahuan Pei , Pengjie Ren , Christof Monz , Maarten de Rijke

It is well acknowledged that incorporating explicit knowledge graphs (KGs) can benefit question answering. Existing approaches typically follow a grounding-reasoning pipeline in which entity nodes are first grounded for the query (question…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Ying Su , Jipeng Zhang , Yangqiu Song , Tong Zhang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a prominent method for incorporating domain knowledge into Large Language Models (LLMs). While RAG enhances response relevance by incorporating retrieved domain knowledge in the context,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Kushagra Bhushan , Yatin Nandwani , Dinesh Khandelwal , Sonam Gupta , Gaurav Pandey , Dinesh Raghu , Sachindra Joshi

In the field of Material Science, effective information retrieval systems are essential for facilitating research. Traditional Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) approaches in Large Language Models (LLMs) often encounter challenges such…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Radeen Mostafa , Mirza Nihal Baig , Mashaekh Tausif Ehsan , Jakir Hasan

Generative retrieval (GR) is an emerging paradigm that leverages large language models (LLMs) to autoregressively generate document identifiers (docids) relevant to a given query. Prior works have focused on leveraging the generative…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Yingchen Zhang , Ruqing Zhang , Jiafeng Guo , Wenjun Peng , Sen Li , Fuyu Lv

GeoGPT is an open large language model system built to advance research in the geosciences. To enhance its domain-specific capabilities, we integrated Retrieval Augmented Generation(RAG), which augments model outputs with relevant…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Fei Huang , Fan Wu , Zeqing Zhang , Qihao Wang , Long Zhang , Grant Michael Boquet , Hongyang Chen

Answering complex questions often requires reasoning over knowledge graphs (KGs). State-of-the-art methods often utilize entities in questions to retrieve local subgraphs, which are then fed into KG encoder, e.g. graph neural networks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Shiyang Li , Yifan Gao , Haoming Jiang , Qingyu Yin , Zheng Li , Xifeng Yan , Chao Zhang , Bing Yin

Open-vocabulary 3D Scene Graph (3DSG) can enhance various downstream tasks in robotics by leveraging structured semantic representations, yet current 3DSG construction methods suffer from semantic inconsistencies caused by noisy cross-image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Yue Chang , Rufeng Chen , Zhaofan Zhang , Yi Chen , Yifan Tian , Sihong Xie

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a framework for grounding Large Language Models (LLMs) in external, up-to-date information. However, recent advancements in context window size allow LLMs to process inputs of up to 128K tokens or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Seongwoong Shim , Myunsoo Kim , Jae Hyeon Cho , Byung-Jun Lee

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is key to enhancing large language models (LLMs) to systematically access richer factual knowledge. Yet, using RAG brings intrinsic challenges, as LLMs must deal with potentially conflicting knowledge,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Leonardo Ranaldi , Federico Ranaldi , Fabio Massimo Zanzotto , Barry Haddow , Alexandra Birch

Medical dialogue systems (MDS) have emerged as crucial online platforms for enabling multi-turn, context-aware conversations with patients. However, existing MDS often struggle to (1) identify relevant medical knowledge and (2) generate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Hongda Sun , Jiaren Peng , Wenzhong Yang , Liang He , Bo Du , Rui Yan

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) has become the standard approach for equipping Large Language Models (LLMs) with up-to-date knowledge. However, standard RAG, relying on independent passage retrieval, often fails to capture the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Jingjin Wang , Jiawei Han

We introduce an approach for open-domain question answering (QA) that retrieves and reads a passage graph, where vertices are passages of text and edges represent relationships that are derived from an external knowledge base or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Sewon Min , Danqi Chen , Luke Zettlemoyer , Hannaneh Hajishirzi

Document-level relation extraction (RE) aims to identify the relations between entities throughout an entire document. It needs complex reasoning skills to synthesize various knowledge such as coreferences and commonsense. Large-scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Xinyi Wang , Zitao Wang , Weijian Sun , Wei Hu

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has improved large language models (LLMs) by using knowledge retrieval to overcome knowledge deficiencies. However, current RAG methods often fall short of ensuring the depth and completeness of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Shengjie Ma , Chengjin Xu , Xuhui Jiang , Muzhi Li , Huaren Qu , Cehao Yang , Jiaxin Mao , Jian Guo

Code retrieval is to find the code snippet from a large corpus of source code repositories that highly matches the query of natural language description. Recent work mainly uses natural language processing techniques to process both query…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Xiang Ling , Lingfei Wu , Saizhuo Wang , Gaoning Pan , Tengfei Ma , Fangli Xu , Alex X. Liu , Chunming Wu , Shouling Ji

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems address complex user requests by decomposing them into subqueries, retrieving potentially relevant documents for each, and then aggregating them to generate an answer. Efficiently selecting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Roxana Petcu , Kenton Murray , Daniel Khashabi , Evangelos Kanoulas , Maarten de Rijke , Dawn Lawrie , Kevin Duh

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has been widely adopted to ground large language models (LLMs) in external knowledge, yet it remains largely underexplored for improving reasoning. Existing methods either rely on online exploration…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Jiaxiang Chen , Zhuo Wang , Mingxi Zou , Qifan Wang , Zenglin Xu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a promising approach to address key limitations of Large Language Models (LLMs), such as hallucination, outdated knowledge, and lacking reference. However, current RAG frameworks often…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Zihan Wang , Zihan Liang , Zhou Shao , Yufei Ma , Huangyu Dai , Ben Chen , Lingtao Mao , Chenyi Lei , Yuqing Ding , Han Li

Question answering represents a core capability of large language models (LLMs). However, when individuals encounter unfamiliar knowledge in texts, they often formulate questions that the text itself cannot answer due to insufficient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Zhecheng Li , Yiwei Wang , Bryan Hooi , Yujun Cai , Nanyun Peng , Kai-Wei Chang